Impact of Resveratrol and Pharmaceutical Care on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Neuropathic Complication: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Demographic data and baseline characteristics of the recruited patients.
Resv n = 25
Placebo n = 23
Resv + PC n = 25
Placebo + PC n = 24
value
Variables
Male
11 (44%)
9 (39%)
12 (48%)
9 (38%)
0.877
Female
14 (56%)
14 (61%)
13 (52%)
15 (62%)
Age (years)
61.64 + 8.56
60 + 7.19
59.32 + 8.929
57.25 + 7.12
0.0612
Duration of diabetes (years)
15.8 + 4.85
16.3 + 4.06
16.76 + 3.734
16.46 + 3.73
0.0646
VAS
6.48 ± 1.98
7.6 ± 1.47
7.04 ± 2.01
6.68 ± 1.93
0.1635
MNSI-HIS (score)
9.6 ± 1.56
9.348 ± 1.58
9.36 ± 1.497
9.75 ± 1.68
0.7761
MNSI-PE (score)
4.652 ± 2.1
3.591 ± 1.64
3.620 ± 1.8
3.771 ± 2.32
0.224
DN4 score
8.0 ± 1.53
8.304 ± 0.97
7.920 ± 0.81
8.400 ± 0.96
0.357
Height (cm)
164.6 ± 8.18
157.8 ± 5.89
164.6 ± 7.767
161.9 ± 8.05
0.245
Weight (kg)
75.48 ± 13.33
72 ± 10.83
73.92 ± 12.94
74.54 ± 10.6
0.785
BMI
27.74 ± 3.87
28.82 ± 3.12
27.26 ± 4.652
28.5 ± 3.98
0.3914
FBG (mg/dl)
224 ± 81.67
213.4 ± 84.14
232.7 ± 80.52
247.4 ± 89.54
0.558
HbA1C %
10.18 ± 1.69
9.635 ± 1.89
10.36 ± 1.996
10.96 ± 2.392
0.128
Surgical history (yes)
12 (48%)
13 (56.5%)
12 (48%)
12 (50%)
0.998
Medications taken by the patients
Metformin tab
16
16
12
12
0.350
DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin or vildagliptin)
11
9
9
8
0.883
DPP-4 inhibitor + metformin (vildagliptin/metformin or sitagliptin/metformin) tab
12
10
11
13
0.897
Dapagliflozin or empagliflozin tab
6
6
7
9
0.745
Sulfonylurea (glimepiride or glibenclamide) tab
15
11
17
14
0.459
Insulin
16
12
11
15
0.531
Categorical data are expressed as number and percentage and continuous data as mean ± SD. Chi-square test and ordinary one-way ANOVA were used to determine the statistical differences between different groups for categorical and continuous values, respectively. values <0.05 are considered as a significant statistically. DN4, Douleur Neuropathique 4; VAS, visual analogue scale; MNSI-HIS, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire history; MNSI-PE, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument physical examination; PC, pharmaceutical care; DDP-4 inhibitor, dipeptyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.
