From Theory to Clinical Practice in the Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors Therapy

Table 1

	GLP-1 receptor agonists	DPP-4 inhibitors
Administration	Injection	Oral
GLP-1 concentration	Pharmacologic	Physiologic
Insulin Secretion	++	+
Glucagon secretion	− −	− −
Action	↑ GLP-1	↑ GLP-1 and GIP
Gastric emptying	−	±
Weight loss	++	=
β-cell protection	++*	++*
Immunogenicity	+°	−
Nausea and vomiting	+	−

*In animal model.
°Not similar for different GLP-1 receptor agonists according to their homology to native peptide.