Stepwise Increases in Left Ventricular Mass Index and Decreases in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Correspond with the Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Patients

Table 2

Determinants of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in study patients.

Characteristics	Univariate		Multivariate (forward)
	Standardized coefficient 𝛽	P	Standardized coefficient 𝛽	P
Age (year)	0.012	0.842	—	—
Male versus female	0.117	0.048	0.211	<0.001
Smoking(ever versus never)	0.126	0.033	—	—
Coronary artery disease	0.147	0.013	—	—
Cerebrovascular disease	0.024	0.681	—	—
Congestive heart failure	0.262	<0.001	0.196	0.001
CKD stage	0.301	<0.001	0.262	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.225	<0.001	0.203	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.095	0.118	—	—
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	0.202	0.001	—	—
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	0.049	0.413	—	—
Laboratory parameters
Albumin (g/L)	−0.321	<0.001	−0.132	0.032
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	0.027	0.653	—	—
HbA1c (%)	−0.052	0.389	—	—
Triglyceride (Log mmol/L)	−0.034	0.570	—	—
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.047	0.436	—	—
Hemoglobin (g/L)	−0.212	<0.001	—	—
Calcium (mmol/L)	−0.185	0.002	—	—
Phosphate (mmol/L)	0.182	0.002	—	—
Calcium-phosphorous product (mmol^2/L^2)	0.114	0.060	—	—
Uric acid (μmol/L)	0.117	0.052	—	—
Proteinuria	0.216	<0.001	—	—
Medications			—	—
Aspirin use (%)	0.190	0.001	—	—
ACEI and/or ARB use (%)	−0.167	0.005	—	—
Non-ACEI and/or ARB antihypertensive drug use (%)	0.188	0.001	—	—
Statin use (%)	−0.041	0.502	—	—

Values expressed as standardized coefficient 𝛽. Abbreviations are the same as Table 1.