MicroRNA in Diabetic Nephropathy: Renin Angiotensin, AGE/RAGE, and Oxidative Stress Pathway

Table 3

Relevant miRNA in oxidative stress.

miRNAs	Tissue/organ/cell line	Source	Target	Functions	Reference
	NHMC	Human	SOD1/2, PAK1	Fibronectin synthesis	[58]
miR-377	MES 13 mesangial cells	Mouse
	Kidney	Mouse
miR-23a~27a~24-2	HEK293T	Human		ER stress and UPR pathways-associated apoptosis	[60]
miR-23b	Renal epithelial cells, podocyte	Mice, Rat	TGF-β receptor type II, SMAD3, TGF-β1	Negative feedback loop-regulating TGF-𝛽1 signaling	[61]
miR-335	Kidney, primary mesangial cells	Rat	SOD2	Renal aging	[64]
miR-34a			Txnrd2
miR-24; miR-34a	Kidney, CRL 2573 mesangial cell	Rat	UCP2	Oxidative stress damage	[67]
miR-205	HK-2 renal tubular cell	Human	PHD1/EGLN2	Antioxidative and anti-ER stress	[69]
miR-200c	HUVEC	Human	ZEB1	Cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and cellular senescence	[70]
miR-200a/-141	Fibroblasts,	Mice	p38𝛼	Enhanced oxidative stress, tumorigenesis, and chemosensitivity	[71]
	CT26 colon carcinoma,	Mice
	NMuMG mammary gland epithelial cells,	Mice
	MDA-MB-435S melanoma cells,	Human
	293T kidney cells,	Human
	MDA-MB-436 and BT-549 breast adenocarcinoma,	Human
	SKOV3 ovarian adenocarcinoma	Human
miR-200c/-141	Heart	Mice	Slc25a3	Decreased mitochondrial ATP production	[72]
	HEK293	Human
miR-21	VSMCs	Rat	PDCD4	Cellular injury	[73]
miR-21	HUVECs	Human	PTEN	Increased NO production, reduced apoptosis	[74]
miR-21	Angiogenic progenitor cell	Human	SOD2	Increased intracellular ROS concentration and impaired NO bioavailability	[75]
miR-210	Kidney	Mice		Activation of VEGF Signaling pathway	[76]
	HUVECs	Human

ATP: adenosine-triphosphate; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HEK: human embryonic kidney cells; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NF-kB: nuclear factor k-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NHMC: normal human mesangial cells; NO: nitric oxide; PAK1: P21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; PHD1/EGLN2: prolyl hydroxylase 1; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen; Slc25a3: solute carrier family 25 member 3; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TGF-𝛽: transforming growth factor-𝛽; Txnrd2: thioredoxin reductase 2; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2; UPR: unfolded protein response; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1.