Use of Insulin and Mortality from Breast Cancer among Taiwanese Women with Diabetes
Table 3
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for various causes of mortality with regard to cutoffs of duration of insulin use at 3 years and 5 years.
Cohort/Dependent variable
Duration of insulin use
HR
95% CI
P value
HR
95% CI
P value
<3 years
≥3 years
(i) Whole cohort analyses
Breast cancer mortality
0.567
(0.179, 1.791)
0.3333
2.006
(1.102, 3.653)
0.0228
Breast cancer mortality
2.085
(1.153, 3.769)
0.0150
All-cause mortality
1.696
(1.573, 1.829)
<0.0001
1.453
(1.353, 1.559)
<0.0001
All-noncancer mortality
1.811
(1.672, 1.962)
<0.0001
1.509
(1.400, 1.627)
<0.0001
All-cancer mortality
1.076
(0.847, 1.367)
0.5479
1.123
(0.910, 1.386)
0.2793
All cancer other than breast cancer mortality
1.118
(0.875, 1.427)
0.3728
1.049
(0.838, 1.313)
0.6776
(ii) Subgroup analyses
Breast cancer mortality
0.473
(0.151, 1.487)
0.2004
1.898
(1.097, 3.282)
0.0219
Breast cancer mortality
1.957
(1.138, 3.366)
0.0152
<5 years
≥5 years
(i) Whole cohort analyses
Breast cancer mortality
1.045
(0.505, 2.162)
0.9048
1.899
(0.934, 3.860)
0.0763
Breast cancer mortality
1.885
(0.936, 3.799)
0.0761
All-cause mortality
1.702
(1.596, 1.815)
<0.0001
1.334
(1.229, 1.449)
<0.0001
All-noncancer mortality
1.821
(1.701, 1.949)
<0.0001
1.620
(1.247, 1.487)
<0.0001
All-cancer mortality
1.059
(0.862, 1.300)
0.5864
1.170
(0.922, 1.485)
0.1957
All cancer other than breast cancer mortality
1.058
(0.854, 1.311)
0.6044
1.109
(0.862, 1.429)
0.4206
(ii) Subgroup analyses
Breast cancer mortality
0.916
(0.448, 1.871)
0.8088
1.818
(0.941, 3.512)
0.0751
Breast cancer mortality
1.832
(0.952, 3.524)
0.0699
HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval. Whole-cohort analyses were conducted in 48,880 female patients with diabetes; models were adjusted for age, diabetes type, diabetes duration, body mass index, smoking, and area of residence. Subgroup analyses were conducted in 171 patients with breast cancer mortality and 855 randomly selected patients without breast cancer mortality matched for diabetes duration; models are adjusted for age, diabetes type, body mass index, smoking, and area of residence. Referent group: women with diabetes not using insulin. Referent group: women with diabetes not using insulin or using insulin for <3 (or <5) years.
