Atypical Diabetic Foot Ulcer Keratinocyte Protein Signaling Correlates with Impaired Wound Healing

Figure 1

Mean, STDev, and nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test results for 21 proteins levels measured in normal and DFU keratinocytes. Mean, STDev, and Mann–Whitney U test significance ( or ) for 21 proteins assessed by RPPA in DFUs () and normal keratinocytes (). Analytes: receptor kinases: IGF-1Rβ, insulin growth factor-1 receptor beta; p-IGF-1Rβ Y1135-1150, insulin growth factor-1 receptor beta (phosphor-tyrosine 1135–1150); VEGFR1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1; and c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR); the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, p-PTEN S380, phosphatase tensin homolog (phospho-serine 380); PI3 kinase, phosphoinosityl-3-kinase; Akt, Akt1/protein kinase B; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; and p-mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin S2448 (phosphor-serine 2448); proinflammatory proteins: COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2, and iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; survival pathways: NFκB/p65, nuclear factor kappa B/p65; IκB-α, NFκB inhibitor-alpha; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha; p53, tumor suppressor transcription factor, p16INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor/regulator of senescence; and β-catenin, catenin beta-1; and apoptosis pathways: Bak, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1; Caspase 3, cysteine-aspartic protease 3; and Caspase 9, cysteine-aspartic protease 9. value less than 0.01; value less than 0.05 comparing the normal to DFU values.