Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNF<i>α</i>-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKK<i>β</i>/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway

<div>Proposed diagram summarizing the suppression of TNF<i>α</i>-induced inflammation by INN via upregulating HO-1 expression through the CaMKK<i>β</i>/AMPK/Nrf2 pathway and repressing ROS formation, VCAM-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion. In summary, we have revealed that INN hinders TNF<i>α</i>-induced ROS formation, expression of VCAM-1, and HL-60 cell adhesion by upregulating HO-1 gene expression and elevating GSH levels through the CaMKK<i>β</i>/AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.</div>

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNF<i>α</i>-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKK<i>β</i>/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway 

Journal of Diabetes Research

Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNFα-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKKβ/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway

Figure 6