Plasma C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and High-Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) Concentrations in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects.

Variables	NGT	Pre-DM	nT2DM	value	value
Participants (M/F)	62 (30/32)	111 (55/56)	56 (27/29)
Age (years)	52.7 ± 5.6	53.6 ± 5.5	56.6 ± 8.05	6.399	0.002
FPG (mmol/L)	5.0 ± 0.3	6.4 ± 0.3	7.9 ± 0.7	72.24	<0.001
INS	5.5 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 0.9	7.3 ± 1.2	37.63	<0.001
HOMA-IR	1.09 ± 0.17	1.71 ± 0.11	2.69 ± 0.39	52.08	<0.001
2 h PG (mmol/L)	6.8 ± 0.6	9.3 ± 1.3	13.1 ± 1.6	25.17	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	4.9 ± 0.6	6 ± 0.2	7.6 ± 0.6	63.21	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.42 ± 1.78	22.97 ± 2.04	23.84 ± 2.05	7.663	0.001
WHR	0.83 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.03	21.486	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	128 ± 13	129 ± 14	132 ± 12	1.19	0.306
DBP (mmHg)	77 ± 7	77 ± 10	79 ± 9	2.268	0.106
TC (mmol/L)	4.51 ± 0.6	4.54 ± 0.72	4.77 ± 0.61	2.85	0.06
TG (mmol/L)	1.12 ± 0.5	1.36 ± 0.65	1.6 ± 0.79	7.968	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)^#	0.77 ± 0.26	0.84 ± 0.28	0.92 ± 0.16	5.182	0.006
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.34	1.24 ± 0.28	1.04 ± 2.06	12.163	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	20 ± 6	20 ± 8	23 ± 10	1.68	0.189
AST (U/L)	22 ± 8	23 ± 7	24 ± 7	2.562	0.079
γ-GGT (U/L)^#	2.78 ± 0.38	3.07 ± 0.55	3.42 ± 0.65	21.01	<0.001
Cr	63 ± 8	63 ± 14	64 ± 8	0.397	0.673
IL-6 (pg/mL)	47.4 ± 7.1	59.44 ± 6.79	77.58 ± 4.03	39.46	<0.001

Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation. Nonnormally distributed parameters including LDL-C and γ-GGT were logarithmically transformed before analyses. Differences between multiple groups were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables. NGT, normal glucose tolerance; pre-DM, prediabetes states (including IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IGR, impaired glucose regulation); T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; M, male; F, female; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FINS, fasting serum insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; 2 h PG, 2 h postchallenge plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; γ-GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; IL-6, interleukin-6.
^#Logarithmically transformed variables.
compared with NGT, compared with pre-DM.