Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Natriuretic Peptide System Activation in Acute Heart Failure Patients with Diabetes

Table 1

Patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics; comparison between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Nondiabetics ()Diabetics () value
Clinical characteristics   
 Age (years), mean (SD)78 (9)78 (8)0.55
 Male sex, n (%)73 (44.5)73 (44.5)1.00
 LVSD, n (%)106 (64.6)106 (64.6)1.00
 Arterial hypertension history, n (%)111 (67.7)145 (88.4)<0.001
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)85 (51.8)65 (39.6)0.04
 Ischemic etiology, n (%)56 (34.1)77 (47.0)0.02
 NYHA class (IV versus others), n (%)97 (59.1)95 (57.9)0.91
 Heart rate (bpm), mean (SD)90 (25)88 (22)0.48
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)133 (31)137 (28)0.24
 BMI (Kg/m2), mean (SD)25.1 (4.3)26.6 (4.6)0.005
Laboratory parameters at admission   
 Haemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD)12.0 (2.2)11.4 (2.2)0.02
 Sodium (mEq/L), mean (SD)137 (4)137 (5)0.94
 Urea (mg/dL), mean (SD)74 (40)83 (46)0.07
 Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (SD)1.50 (0.63)1.64 (0.68)0.06
 C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR)21.1 (10.2–63.6)19.0 (9.9–61.3)0.73
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD)164 (45)147 (41)0.002
 BNP (ng/L), median (IQR)1664.1 (905.7–2635.7)1394 (773.3–2456.8)0.10
 Discharged BNP (ng/L), median (IQR)753.0 (280.7–1237.6)688.0 (275.0–1335.2)0.51
 Nonresponse, n (%)40 (24.4)50 (30.5)0.44
Echocardiographic parameters   
 LV mass (g), mean (SD)236.9 (84.8)231.1 (51.2)0.44
 Left atrium size (mm), mean (SD)4.9 (0.8)4.7 (0.5)0.14
 LV end-diastolic diameter (mm), mean (SD)5.7 (1.0)5.6 (0.8)0.14
 E/E’, median (IQR)16 (12–21)19 (13–23)0.27
Discharge medication   
 ACEi or ARB, n (%)120 (76.2)142 (86.6)0.004
 Beta blocker, n (%)125 (76.2)129 (78.7)0.69
 MRA, n (%)43 (26.2)30 (18.3)0.09
 Loop diuretics, n (%)151 (92.1)157 (95.7)0.45
 Furosemide dose (mg/day), median (IQR)80 (40–100)80 (60–120)0.02
 Statins, n (%)90 (60.4)117 (71.3)0.03
 Antiplatelet therapy, n (%)100 (61.0)124 (75.6)0.01
 Mortality at 1 year, n (%)44 (26.8)46 (28.0)0.89
ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor 1 blocker; BMI: body mass index; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; IQR: interquartile range; LV: left ventricle; LVSD: left ventricular systolic dysfunction; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA: New York Heart Association.