Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass, but Not Upper Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass, Is Inversely Associated with Hospitalization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Characteristics of study subjects.

Demographics
n	121
Age (years)	59.4 (14.2)
Sex (men/women)	67/54
Alcohol consumption (g ethanol per day)	21.9 (39.4)
Brinkman index	275.9 (483.6)
Exercise time (min/day)	14.6 (41.4)
History of cardiovascular disease (yes/no)	7/114
Duration of diabetes (years)	7.9 (9.3)
Anthropometric data
Height (cm)	161.7 (10.4)
Weight (kg)	72.4 (20.7)
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.6 (6.8)
Waist circumference (cm)	95.9 (16.1)
Body composition
Total skeletal muscle mass (kg)	25.3 (6.3)
Upper extremity skeletal muscle mass (kg)	5.0 (1.6)
Lower extremity skeletal muscle mass (kg)	14.4 (3.9)
Body fat mass (kg)	24.3 (12.9)
Body fat percentage (%)	32.6 (10.9)
Physiological and biochemical data
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	138.9 (22.9)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.8 (14.3)
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	178.3 (78.4)
HbA1c (%)	8.5 (2.1)
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (cm/s)	1697 (451)
Augmentation index	74.3 (14.2)

Data are represented as the mean (SD) except for the number of subjects, sex, and history of cardiovascular disease. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.