High Plasma Glucagon Levels Correlate with Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness, and Deep Subcutaneous Abdominal and Intraperitoneal Adipose Tissue Depots in Nonobese Asian Indian Males with Type 2 Diabetes in North India

Table 2

Correlations of fasting plasma glucagon levels with measures of anthropometry, biochemical variables, body composition, and volumes of abdominal adipose tissue in nonobese males with T2DM (cases; ) and nonobese males without diabetes (controls; ).

Variables	Cases ()		Controls ()
	Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)	value	Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)	value
Age (years)	0.03	0.74	0.63	0.07
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	0.13	0.23	0.38	0.27
Body surface area (m^2)	0.05	0.64	0.01	0.97
Waist circumference (cms)	0.59	<0.05	0.22	0.07
Hip circumference (cms)	0.03	0.75	0.65	0.08
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.28	<0.05	0.06	0.85
Midarm circumference (cms)	−0.04	0.74	0.10	0.77
Midthigh circumference (cms)	0.02	0.82	0.30	0.39
Bicep skinfolds (mms)	0.01	0.88	0.11	0.75
Tricep skinfolds (mms)	0.10	0.35	0.16	0.65
Thigh skinfolds (mms)	0.19	0.08	0.59	0.06
Calf skinfolds (mms)	0.09	0.41	0.01	0.95
Total peripheral skinfolds (mms)	0.13	0.24	0.29	0.40
Subscapular skinfolds	0.21	0.06	−0.08	0.82
Subscapular tricep ratio	0.10	0.33	−0.21	0.54
Suprailiac skinfolds (vertical)	0.56	0.01	0.21	0.28
Suprailiac skinfolds (horizontal)	0.26	<0.05	0.06	0.86
Average suprailiac skinfolds (mms)	0.28	<0.05	0.07	0.87
Total truncal skinfolds (mms)	0.22	0.05	0.01	0.97
Biochemical variables
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	−0.08	0.43	−0.06	0.99
Fasting insulin (ng/dl)	−0.06	0.57	−0.21	0.99
Postprandial serum glucose (mg/dl)	−0.05	0.64	0.09	0.78
Postprandial serum insulin (ng/dl)	−0.11	0.31	0.22	0.99
Glycosylated haemoglobin (%)	−0.02	0.83	−0.16	0.64
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (U/l)	0.22	0.05	−0.22	0.47
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (U/l)	0.21	0.05	−0.22	0.53
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.83
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	−0.10	0.35	−0.15	0.67
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	0.23	0.03	0.21	0.55
Serum triglycerides (mg/dl)	0.08	0.46	−0.13	0.71
Measures of body composition (DEXA)
Total body fat %	0.24	<0.05	0.39	0.26
Total fat mass (kg)	0.21	0.07	0.50	0.13
Total fat-free mass (kg)	−0.10	0.39	−0.16	0.65
Total lean muscle mass (kg)	−0.10	0.39	−0.15	0.66
Total left arm fat %	0.20	0.09	0.24	0.50
Left arm fat mass (kg)	−0.11	0.95	0.15	0.66
Left arm lean muscle mass (kg)	−0.12	0.30	−0.21	0.55
Right arm fat %	0.19	0.11	0.23	0.51
Right arm fat mass (kg)	0.15	0.20	0.26	0.46
Right arm lean mass (kg)	−0.09	0.44	−0.10	0.78
Total leg fat %	0.18	0.12	0.29	0.40
Total leg fat mass (kg)	0.11	0.33	0.43	0.21
Total leg lean mass (kg)	−0.10	0.39	−0.15	0.66
Right leg fat %	0.21	0.08	0.41	0.22
Right leg lean mass (kg)	−0.08	0.47	−0.03	0.92
Truncal fat %	0.29	<0.05	0.53	0.10
Truncal fat mass (kg)	0.24	<0.05	0.53	0.11
Truncal lean mass (kg)	−0.10	0.37	−0.25	0.48
MRI-derived abdominal adipose tissue depot; (all volumes expressed in cm^3 except liver span)
Total abdominal adipose tissue	0.31	<0.05	0.23	0.51
Anterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue	0.24	<0.05	0.27	0.43
Posterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue	0.22	<0.05	0.27	0.43
Superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue	0.23	<0.05	0.26	0.45
Deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue	0.27	<0.05	0.32	0.36
Total subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue	0.27	<0.05	0.28	0.43
Retroperitoneal abdominal adipose tissue fat	0.13	0.22	−0.06	0.84
Intraperitoneal abdominal adipose tissue	0.27	<0.05	0.23	0.51
Total intra-abdominal adipose tissue	0.25	<0.05	0.14	0.68
Pancreatic volume	0.06	0.57	−0.35	0.30
Pancreatic volume index	0.06	0.55	−0.34	0.32
Liver span (mm)	0.08	0.45	−0.12	0.73

: statistically significant.