Detection of Islet Cell Immune Reactivity with Low Glycemic Index Foods: Is This a Concern for Type 1 Diabetes?

Table 2

Reactivity of antibodies against pancreatic islet cell antigens with food proteins.

Food protein	Reactivity
Gluten
Wheat	ZnT8 (4+)
Kamut	IR-A (1+)
Nongluten Grains
Buckwheat	GAD-65 (4+), GAD-67 (3+), IR-A (1+)
Amaranth	GAD-65 (3+), IR-A (3+)
Quinoa	GAD-65 (2+), IR-A (2+)
Tapioca	IR-A (2+), GAD-65 (1+)
Oats	GAD-65 (2+)
Rice/rice cake	GAD-65 (3+), IA2 (3+), GAD-67 (2+)
Hemp	IR-A (1+)
Corn	GAD-65 (3+)
Beans & legumes
Lentil	ZnT8 (5+)
Pea protein	ZnT8 (5+)
Pea cooked	ZnT8 (4+)
Pea lectin	IA2 (3+)
Garbanzo bean	ZnT8 (3+), IA2 (2+)
Lima bean	ZnT8 (2+), IA2 (1+)
Soy sauce gluten free	ZnT8 (1+), IA2 (1+)
Tofu	ZnT8 (1+), IA2 (1+)
Soy bean agglutinin	IA2 (2+)
Soy bean oleosin	ZnT8 (3+)
Seafood
Clam	ZnT8 (2+)
Mackerel	IA2 (3+)
Salmon	ZnT8 (1+)
Tilapia	ZnT8 (3+)
Others
Seaweed	ZnT8 (5+), IA2 (5+)
Egg yolk	ZnT8 (2+), IA2 (2+)
Yeast	GAD-65 (3+)
Mustard seed	ZnT8 (3+), IA2 (1+)
Milk proteins
Goat’s milk	ZnT8 (2+)
Cow’s milk	GAD-67 (3+)
Milk chocolate	GAD-67 (3+)
Milk butyrophilin	IR-A (5+)
α+β casein	GAD-67 (2+)
Nuts
Hazelnut	GAD-67 (1+)
Pecan	GAD-67 (2+)
Almond roasted	ZnT8 (2+)
Cashew vicilin	ZnT8 (2+)
Macadamia	ZnT8 (1+)
Peanut roasted	ZnT8 (3+)
Peanut oleosin	ZnT8 (4+)
Gums
Guar gum	IA2 (5+), ZnT8 (4+)
Carrageenan	IA2 (2+), ZnT8 (1+)
Fruit
Apricot	IA2 (5+)
Banana	ZnT8 (2+)
Cherry	ZnT8 (1+)
Kiwi	ZnT8 (2+)
Coconut	GAD-67 (1+)
Cranberry	GAD-67 (1+)
Orange juice	GAD-67 (1+)
Vegetables
Bell pepper	IA2 (2+)
Garlic Ck	IA2 (2+)
Tomato	ZnT8 (2+)
Potato	IR-A (3+), GAD-65 (2+)
Yam + Sw Potato	ZnT8 (2+)
Zucchini	IA2 (3+)
Herbs
Dill	IA2 (1+)
Mint	IA2 (2+)