Changes in Proteinuria on the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in People with Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Hazard ratios for the association between changes in proteinuria and all-cause mortality from 2006–2008.

	Changes in proteinuria			trend	Per degree decrease
	Elevated proteinuria	Stable proteinuria	Reduced proteinuria
All participants
Model 1	1.92 (1.66–2.23)	1	0.75 (0.60–0.95)	<0.0001	0.71 (0.67–0.75)
Model 2	1.67 (1.44–1.94)	1	0.71 (0.56–0.90)	<0.0001	0.75 (0.71–0.79)
Model 3	1.66 (1.43–1.92)	1	0.71 (0.56–0.90)	<0.0001	0.75 (0.71–0.80)
Model 4	1.54 (1.33–1.79)	1	0.70 (0.55–0.89)	<0.0001	0.78 (0.73–0.82)
Diabetes
Model 4	1.75 (1.43–2.15)	1	0.73 (0.53–0.99)	<0.0001	0.74 (0.69–0.80)
Prediabetes
Model 4	1.34 (1.07–1.68)	1	0.68 (0.47–0.98)	0.0002	0.82 (0.75–0.90)

Model 1: adjusted for the levels of baseline proteinuria; model 2: adjusted for age, gender, and baseline proteinuria; model 3: adjusted for age, gender, level of education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, amount of physical activity, body mass index, and baseline proteinuria; model 4: adjusted for variables in model 3 plus history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, and creatinine. The value of interaction between proteinuria changes and diabetes status for all-cause mortality is 0.4274.