Changes in Proteinuria on the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in People with Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Sensitivity analysis by excluding the population with eGFR less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m².

	Changes in proteinuria			trend	Per degree decrease
	Elevated proteinuria	Stable proteinuria	Reduced proteinuria
All participants
Model 1	1.93 (1.66–2.23)	1	0.76 (0.60–0.97)	<0.0001	0.71 (0.67–0.76)
Model 2	1.68 (1.45–1.95)	1	0.72 (0.57–0.92)	<0.0001	0.75 (0.71–0.80)
Model 3	1.66 (1.43–1.93)	1	0.72 (0.57–0.92)	<0.0001	0.75 (0.71–0.80)
Model 4	1.55 (1.34–1.81)	1	0.71 (0.56–0.90)	<0.0001	0.78 (0.73–0.82)
Diabetes
Model 4	1.76 (1.43–2.15)	1	0.73 (0.54–1.01)	<0.0001	0.74 (0.69–0.80)
Prediabetes
Model 4	1.35 (1.07–1.69)	1	0.71 (0.49–1.02)	0.0005	0.82 (0.75–0.91)

Model 1: adjusted for the levels of baseline proteinuria; model 2: adjusted for age, gender, and baseline proteinuria; model 3: adjusted for age, gender, level of education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, amount of physical activity, body mass index, and baseline proteinuria; model 4: adjusted for variables in model 3 plus history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, and creatinine. The value of interaction between proteinuria changes and diabetes for all-cause mortality is 0.3510.