Prevalence of Positive Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies among Type 2 Diabetes and Related Metabolic and Inflammatory Differences in a Sample of the Bulgarian Population
Table 3
Anthropometric data, blood pressure, and metabolic control of subjects.
T2D ()
Ab−T2D ()
Ab+T2D ()
LADA ()
Controls ()
BMI (kg/m2)
32.70 (6.58)
33.18 (6.37)
28.49 (7.13)†
24.94 (3.54)‡
23.68 (3.34)
WC (cm)
103.67 (14.49)
104.40 (14.04)
96.83 (17.35)
85.43 (9.32)‡
88.29 (13.18)
SBP (mmHg)
135.82 (19.17)
136.78 (19.49)
127.31 (13.94)
112.86 (12.51)‡
119.00 (16.08)
DBP (mmHg)
83.91 (9.80)
84.00 (9.96)
83.08 (8.55)
73.21 (9.12)‡
74.57 (10.10)
HbA1c (%)
7.97 (1.86)
7.87 (1.86)
8.89 (1.67)†
9.40 (1.16)‡
—
FPG (mmol/l)
7.97 (2.94)
7.81 (2.72)
9.45 (4.24)
7.79 (2.62)
5.28 (0.47)
PPG (mmol/l)
8.35 (3.26)
8.05 (3.10)
11.26 (3.49)‡
9.53 (4.19)
—
TC (mmol/l)
5.22 (1.15)
5.17 (1.11)
5.70 (1.42)
5.01 (1.11)
5.28 (0.90)
HDL (mmol/l)
1.29 (0.39)
1.25 (0.35)
1.69 (0.55)†
1.76 (0.49)‡
1.30 (0.55)
LDL (mmol/l)
3.03 (0.96)
3.02 (0.90)
3.10 (1.45)
2.39 (1.21)
3.28 (1.02)
VLDL (mmol/l)
0.83 (0.36)
0.83 (0.34)
0.79 (0.53)
0.40 (0.11)‡
0.72 (0.50)
TG (mmol/l)
1.90 (0.99)
1.91 (0.97)
1.78 (1.17)
1.08 (0.97)‡
1.33 (1.17)
Hs-CRP (mg/l)
2.40 (1.61)
2.50 (1.60)
1.61 (1.52)
1.44 (1.39)†
0.92 (1.27)
IL-6 (pg/ml)
3.85 (4.76)
3.90 (4.88)
3.45 (3.58)
1.40 (0.00)‡
1.43 (0.18)
TNFα (pg/ml)
14.57 (16.70)
15.45 (17.38)
7.71 (7.83)
13.47 (17.96)
16.22 (18.14)
Results are expressed as mean (standard deviation); n: number; T2D: type 2 diabetes; LADA: latent autoimmune diabetes of the adults; Ab−T2D: autoantibody-negative cases in T2D group; Ab+T2D: autoantibody-positive cases in T2D group; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; DBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PPG: postprandial plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin 6; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; compared to control group, compared to control group, † compared to Ab−T2D group, ‡ compared to Ab−T2D group.
