Socioeconomic Factors and Inequality in the Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in China

Table 4

Logistic regression model on prevalence of self-reported diabetes among middle-aged and elderly adults.

	Urban areas		Rural areas
	Odds ratio	95% CI	Odds ratio	95% CI
Gender (ref. female)	0.6247	(0.4451-0.8768)	0.6012	(0.4606-0.7847)
Age (ref. ≤ 55)
56–65	1.0587	(0.6690-1.3737)	1.1315	(0.9017-1.4200)
>65	1.3701	(0.9651-1.5449)	1.2282	(0.9756-1.3944)
Ethnicity (ref. Han)	0.4621	(0.2451-0.8714)	0.1128	(0.0608-0.2094)
Marital status (ref. divorced/single)	0.4955	(0.3428-0.7162)	0.6804	(0.5214-0.8878)
Education level (ref. less than primary school)
Less than lower secondary	1.0262	(0.7194-1.4637)	0.9310	(0.7556-1.1471)
Upper secondary, vocational training	0.7955	(0.5206-1.1156)	1.0427	(0.6780-1.6034)
Family size (ref. ≤ 2)	0.7490	(0.5656-0.9918)	0.9001	(0.7397-1.0952)
Household income per capita (log)	0.8997	(0.8325-1.1723)	1.2604	(1.1228-1.6047)
Type of labour (ref. government & institutions)
Farmer	0.8982	(0.7285-1.1934)	0.9268	(0.7133-1.1941)
Self-employed/employed	1.4465	(0.9669-2.1637)	0.9015	(0.5274-1.7012)
Never drunk (ref. history of drinking)	0.9486	(0.6996-1.6862)	0.8158	(0.6534-1.0186)
Never smoked (ref. history of smoking)	0.5315	(0.3749-0.7535)	0.6520	(0.5019-0.8471)
ADL (ref. without any ADL)	1.2659	(0.7874-2.0351)	1.5412	(1.1809-2.0115)
BMI (ref. ≤ 18.5)
18.6–24.1	0.0753	(0.0109-0.5184)	0.5628	(0.3089-1.0251)
>24.1	1.4370	(1.1749-1.8209)	1.7662	(1.4432-2.1615)
Self-reported health status	0.7683	(0.4993-0.9937)	0.9706	(0.8049-1.2060)
Having hypertension (ref. no)	2.1442	(1.6140-2.8485)	2.9406	(2.4204-3.5724)

Note: estimates were weighted using individual sampling weights and adjusted for household and individual responses. , , and .