Effect of Diacerein on Metabolic Control and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Antidiabetic Agents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants randomized to diacerein and placebo.
Characteristics
Diacerein ()
Placebo ()
value
Age (years)
62 ± 8.0
59 ± 11.3
0.12
Male
20 (57.1)
27 (75.0)
0.11
Years at school
6.4 ± 4.1
5.6 ± 3.0
0.4
Chronic complications of diabetes
18 (51.4)
13 (36.1)
0.19
Cardiovascular disease
14 (40.0)
13 (36.1)
0.7
Hypertension
29 (82.9)
31 (86.1)
0.7
24 h systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
120.3 ± 11.5
123.1 ± 11.4
0.7
24 h diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
75.0 ± 8.4
72.3 ± 8.1
0.3
Duration of diabetes (years)
14.0 ± 6.7
14.8 ± 6.6
0.7
Duration of diabetes 14–30 years
19 (54.3)
23 (63.9)
0.4
Use of oral hypoglycemic agents‡
Sulfonylureas
13 (37.1)
12 (33.3)
0.7
Metformin
25 (71.4)
31 (86.1)
0.13
Use of insulin
17 (48.6)
22 (61.1)
0.3
Use of other antidiabetics#
1 (2.9)
4 (11.1)
0.17
Metabolic profile
HbA1c (%)
9.1 ± 1.4
8.6 ± 1.0
0.11
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
76.7 ± 2.4
71.2 ± 2.4
0.11
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
142.0 ± 69.5
138.7 ± 58.2
0.8
HOMA-IR
5.4 ± 1.0
6.5 ± 1.0
0.4
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
149 ± 32.7
152.7 ± 34.8
0.6
HDLc (mg/dL)
42.1 ± 7.4
42.8 ± 8.0
0.7
LDLc (mg/dL)
73.0 ± 35.6
78.5 ± 35.5
0.3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
200.5 ± 124.4
202.4 ± 210.5
1.0
Renal
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.93 ± 0.15
0.87 ± 0.17
0.11
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
77.0 ± 13.1
83.5 ± 23.5
0.13
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/24 h)
9.9 ± 6.6
10.8 ± 6.8
0.6
Hepatic
ALT (units/L)
23.5 ± 11.1
23.1 ± 11.3
0.9
AST (units/L)
24.7 ± 11.8
21.9 ± 8.1
0.2
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (units/L)
43.4 ± 26.4
36.1 ± 20.6
0.2
Hematologic/inflammatory
Hematocrit (%)
42.0 ± 4.9
41.7 ± 4.3
0.8
Platelet count (×109 cells/L)
215.0 ± 55.7
221.8 ± 60.0
0.6
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
7.0 ± 6.2
9.0 ± 16.4
0.5
Anthropometric assessment
Weight (kg)
80.3 ± 19.8
78.7 ± 13.1
0.7
Height (m)
1.62 ± 0.10
1.59 ± 0.07
0.16
Body mass index (kg/m2)
30.8 ± 6.9
31.3 ± 5.2
0.7
Data expressed as and n (%). ‡Numbers exceed 100% due to use of more than one agent. #Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, DPP4 inhibitors, and amylin mimetics.
