The Humanistic and Economic Burden Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Adults with Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension

Table 2

Unadjusted and adjusted coefficients for depression and anxiety categories from ordinary least square (OLS) regressions on physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores among adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension, using pooled data from the 2013 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).

Unadjusted means and SE
	PCS		MCS
	Mean (SE)	value	Mean (SE)	value
Depression and anxiety	37.27 (0.96)	<0.001	40.45 (0.94)	<0.001
Depression only	37.02 (0.97)	<0.001	43.76 (0.71)	<0.001
Anxiety only	38.38 (1.04)	0.016	46.96 (0.78)	<0.001
No depression/anxiety (reference group)	40.92 (0.34)		52.8 (0.23)
Parameter estimates and SE from multivariable OLS regressions^†
	PCS		MCS
	Beta (SE)	value	Beta (SE)	value
Depression and anxiety	−0.68 (0.87)	0.432	−10.35 (0.91)	<0.001
Depression only	−1.37 (0.83)	0.098	−7.67 (0.66)	<0.001
Anxiety only	0.01 (0.80)	0.987	−4.88 (0.74)	<0.001
No depression/anxiety (reference group)

Note: the analytic sample consisted of adults (>18 years) with comorbid diabetes and hypertension who were alive and eligible for the self-administered questionnaires of MEPS in the observation year (2013/2015). SE: standard error of the mean; Beta: parameter estimates from multivariable OLS regressions. ^†Covariates included in the multivariable OLS regressions included predisposing factors (sex, age groups, and race/ethnicity), enabling factors (marital status, education level, poverty status, health insurance coverage, and prescription drug insurance coverage), enabling factor (presence/absence of other chronic conditions, pain interference), personal health practice (obesity, smoking status, and exercise level), and external environment (region). Pain interference was not included in the regression on PCS scores because it was used in the computation of PCS scores with heavy weights. ; ; .