Research Article
Diabetes-Related Distress Assessment among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Table 2
Baseline characteristics for the current sample.
| | Baseline characteristics | Mean/percentage |
| | Age | 58 ± 14 | | DBP | 75.13 ± 11.21 | | SBP | 131.87 ± 20.72 | | BMI | 30.89 ± 6.96 | | Interval between visits | 4.3 ± 1.8 | | Duration of DM in years | 14.19 ± 8.83 | | Gender | | Male | 329 (64.6%) | | Female | 180 (35.4%) | | Marital status | | Married | 478 (93.9%) | | Single | 10 (2.0%) | | Divorced | 5 (1.0%) | | Widow | 16 (3.1%) | | Level of education | | Illiterate | 186 (36.6%) | | High secondary school or less | 273 (53.7%) | | Postgraduate education (master or above) | 45 (9.1%) | | Medical graduate: doctor | 3 (0.6%) | | Socioeconomic status | | Low (less than 5000 SR) | 153 (30.4%) | | Medium (5000–15,000 SR) | 319 (63.4%) | | High (more than 15,000 SR) | 31 (6.2%) | | Employment | | Unemployed | 165 (32.5%) | | Employed | 83 (16.3%) | | Retired/housewife | 260 (51.2%) | | Smoking | | Yes | 39 (8.3%) | | No | 358 (76.0%) | | Former | 74 (15.7%) | | Physical activity | | Sedentary lifestyle | 253 (50.1%) | | <150 min./week | 166 (32.9%) | | 150–300 min./week | 75 (14.9%) | | >300 min./week | 11 (2.2%) | | Management | | Lifestyle modification | 5 (1.0%) | | Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 173 (34.1%) | | Insulin use | 95 (18.7%) | | Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs | 234 (46.2%) | | Complications | | Yes | 265 (55.4%) | | No | 213 (44.6%) | | Ischemic heart disease | | Yes | 29 (7.0%) | | No | 383 (93.0%) | | Cerebrovascular accident | | Yes | 13 (3.3%) | | No | 385 (96.7%) | | Peripheral vascular disease | | Yes | 8 (2.0%) | | No | 385 (98.0%) | | Retinopathy | | Yes | 238 (45.9%) | | No | 281 (54.1%) | | Nephropathy | | Yes | 59 (13.3%) | | No | 384 (86.7%) | | Neuropathy | | Yes | 126 (25.6%) | | No | 367 (74.4%) | | Dyslipidemia/hypercholesterolemia | | Yes | 276 (58.5%) | | No | 196 (41.5%) | | Hypertension | | Yes | 243 (54.7%) | | No | 201 (45.3%) | | Severe hypoglycemia | | Yes | 196 (38.5%) | | No | 313 (61.5%) | | Hospital admission due to diabetes-related conditions | | Yes | 79 (15.6%) | | No | 427 (84.4%) | | HabA1c | 8.61 ± 1.95 | | Cholesterol | 4.45 ± 1.08 | | Triglyceride | 1.60 ± 1.18 | | HDL | 1.04 ± 0.29 | | LDL | 2.67 ± 0.92 | | Microalbuminuria | 21.28 ± 83.62 | | Total distress score | 1.80 ± 0.62 | | Emotional distress score | 2.47 ± 1.19 | | Physician-related distress score | 1.38 ± 0.77 | | Regimen-related distress score | 1.78 ± 0.81 | | Interpersonal distress score | 1.26 ± 0.73 |
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