Expression of Duodenal Iron Transporter Proteins in Diabetic Patients with and without Iron Deficiency Anemia
Table 1
Demographic and clinical data of the patients.
DM + anemia ()
DM ()
Control ()
Demographic
Age (years)
72 (64–78)
62 (48–69)
47 (22–71)
0.002
Female (%)
9 (56.3)
11 (84.6)
8 (66.7)
0.234
Female age (years) (range)
69 (38–82)
57 (41–81)
43 (22–64)
0.017
Male age (years) (range)
73 (54–82)
69.5 (62–77)
68 (65–71)
0.152
Duration (years)
10 (6–14)
10 (5–12)
—
0.714
Biochemistry
HbA1C (%)
6.6 (5.9–7.2)
6.8 (6.2–8.6)
5.3 (5.1–5.6)
<0.001
WBC (103/μL)
7.81 ± 2.52
6.86 ± 1.48
6.85 ± 1.44
0.367
RBC (106/μL)
4.3 (3.8–4.7)
4.8 (4.4-5.1)
4.9 (4.6–5.2)
<0.001
HGB (g/dL)
10.9 (10.4–12.2)
13 (12.5–14.3)
14.1 (13.1–14.6)
<0.001
Ferritin (ng/mL)
39.2 (11.2–96.1)
60 (21–113)
51.4 (36.9–102.6)
0.756
Glucose (mg/dL)
131.9 (105–153)
142 (112–176)
83 (81–93)
<0.001
Fe (μg/dL)
49.1 (33.5–60.9)
84.4 (65.5–101)
65.2 (60.1–86.9)
0.001
Transferrin (g/L)
2.7 (2.3–3.5)
2.8 (2.6–3.2)
2.7 (2.4–2.8)
0.886
Transferrin-sat (%)
11.6 (8.4–15.8)
22.2 (14.4–25.1)
16.6 (15.4–22.2)
0.005
CRP (median) (mg/L)
1.9 (1.1–8.7)
3.4 (2.3–7.4)
6.6 (1–11.9)
0.572
Medications (%)
Insulin
4 (25)
0 (0)
—
0.107
Glyburide
3 (18.8)
1 (7.7)
—
0.606
Metformin
7 (43.8)
7 (53.8)
—
0.588
Sitagliptin phosphate
1 (6.3)
7 (53.8)
—
0.01
Aspirin
7 (43.8)
9 (75)
0 (0)
<0.001
NSAIDs
1 (6.3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
>0.999
PPI
15 (93.8)
7 (53.8)
2 (16.7)
<0.001
Iron
8 (50)
0 (0)
0 (0)
<0.001
Comorbidities (%)
Hypertension
14 (87.5)
7 (53.8)
1 (8.3)
<0.001
CVD
3 (18.8)
3 (23.1)
0 (0)
0.280
H. pylori positive
6 (37.5)
4 (30.8)
6 (50)
0.608
All categorical variables are presented as number and percentage, and all continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR); DM: diabetes mellitus; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI: proton pump inhibitors; CVD: cardiovascular disease: H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori. Significant value between DM and control; significant value between control and DM + anemia; significant value between DM and DM + anemia.
