Visceral Fat Accumulation Is Associated with Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Patients’ clinical characteristics.
Without asthma
With asthma
value
Age (years)
(45-65)
(43-65)
ns
Gender (men/women) (86/74)
75/70
8/7
ns
Visceral fat accumulation (cm2) (-208.6)
(37.2-126.0)
(58.5-208.6)
<0.0001
Duration of diabetes (years) (-20)
(0.83-20.0)
(1.1-16.7)
ns
Hypertension (%)
63
67
ns
Dyslipidemia (%)
38
40
ns
Smoking (%)
23
27
ns
Drug use (%)
Sulfonylurea
37
33
ns
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
32
33
ns
Statin
30
33
ns
Calcium channel antagonists
39
40
ns
ACE inhibitors
23
20
ns
Angiotensin receptor blocker
32
33
ns
BMI (kg/m2) (range)
(19.7-35.0)
(22.6-33.1)
0.0071
Waist circumference (cm) (range)
(68.3-102.3)
(72.9-117)
0.0003
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (range)
(110-152)
(108-156)
ns
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (range)
(60-86)
(62-88)
ns
Heart rate (bpm) (range)
(54-78)
(60-80)
ns
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (range)
(144-256)
(125-267)
ns
Triglyceride (mg/dl) (range)
(65-225)
(95-189)
0.0212
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) (range)
(28-62)
(30-47)
<0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) (range)
(102-183)
(126-158)
0.0093
Fasting immunoreactive insulin (μU/ml) (range)
(2.4-9.3)
(7-12.2)
<0.0001
HOMA index (range)
(0.92-3.25)
(2.3-4.37)
<0.0001
Hemoglobin A1c (%) (range)
(6.1-10.3)
(6.8-8.8)
ns
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) (range)
(0.15-0.87)
(0.17-0.76)
ns
Uric acid (mg/dl) (range)
(3.2-9.0)
(5.7-8.8)
0.0087
Creatinine (mg/dl) (range)
(0.4-1.1)
(0.6-1.0)
ns
Data are presented as deviation. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI = body mass index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HOMA = homeostasis model assessment; ns = not significant.
