Utility of Real-Time and Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Characteristics of CGM interventions included in the present meta-analysis compared with SMBG interventions.

Reference	Year	Region	No. of patients	Age (years)	% women	BMI (kg/m^2)	Body weight (kg)	Duration of DM (years)	HbA1c (%)	Hypertension (%)	Dyslipidaemia (%)	Prior CVD (%)	Diabetes treatment	Study duration (weeks)	Type of RT-CGM	Frequency of sensor usage (%)
RT-CGM vs. SMBG
Yoo et al. [18]	2008	Korea	65	57.5	50	25.7	65.7	13.3	8.7	NR	NR	NR	Insulin alone or OADs alone or insulin+OADs	12	Guardian-RT MiniMed (Medtronic)	NR
Ehrhardt et al. [19]	2011	US	100	60	56	32.7	197	NR	8.2	NR	NR	NR	Diet+exercise or OADs alone or OADs+GLP-1 or basal insulin, alone or in combination	12	Dexcom SEVEN (Dexcom)	68
Beck et al. [20]	2017	US	158	60	43.9	37	105	18	8.5	82	63	4	Insulin alone or insulin+OADs	24	Dexcom G4 Platinum (Dexcom)	92
r-CGM vs. SMBG
Allen et al. [21]	2008	US	52	57	48	33.8	NR	8.5	8.4	NR	NR	NR	Diet+exercise	8	Medtronic MiniMed (Medtronic)	NR
Cosson et al. [22]	2009	France	25	57	27.2	30	NR	10.5	9.2	NR	NR	NR	Insulin alone or insulin+OADs	12	The GlucoDay system (Menarini Diagnostics)	NR
Ajjan et al. [23]	2016	UK	45	55.5	26.7	33.2	93.9	15.8	9.2	NR	NR	NR	Insulin	100 (days)	FreeStyle Navigator (Abbotts)	NR
Haak et al. [24]	2017	Germany	224	59.5	25	33.3	99	18	7.5	NR	NR	NR	Insulin or CSII	24	FreeStyle Libre Pro (Abbotts)	NR

Unless otherwise indicated, data are shown as mean values. CGM: continuous glucose monitoring; SMBG: self-monitoring blood glucose; RT-CGM: real-time continuous glucose monitoring; r-CGM: retrospective continuous glucose monitoring; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs; CSII: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; NR: not reported.