Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and the Associated Factors of Diabetes in an Iranian Kurdish Population

Table 2

Predictor factors of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of the diabetes RaNCD cohort study based on the results of the univariate and multivariate models.

Variables			Prevalence		Awareness		Treatment		Controlled
			Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Gender	(Ref: male)		1.06 (0.92, 1.22)		1.80 (1.31, 2.48)	2.27 (1.5, 3.43)	0.88 (0.61, 1.27)		0.93 (0.64, 1.34)
Age	(Ref: 35-44)	45-54	3.06 (2.45, 3.83)	2.74 (2.17, 3.47)	1.24 (0.78, 1.97)	1.38 (0.84, 2.26)	1.10 (0.61, 2.00)		0.76 (0.42, 1.37)
		54 and more	5.01 (4.03, 6.23)	4.02 (3.09, 5.21)	1.99 (1.25, 3.18)	1.82 (1.09, 3.04)	1.17 (0.66, 2.07)		0.8 (0.45, 1.4)
Marital status	(Ref: single)	Married	3.74 (1.99, 7.02)	1.57 (0.82, 3.02)	1.28 (0.33, 4.99)		7.7 (1.48, 40.14)	10.04 (1.87, 54.14)	2.05 (0.25, 17.12)
		Widow/divorced/other	4.64 (2.34, 9.20)	1.33 (0.65, 2.73)	1.46 (0.33, 6.42)		6.67 (1.14, 39.1)	9.40 (1.54, 57.37)	0.95 (0.1, 9.32)
Education	(Ref: illiterate)	1-5 years	0.75 (0.63, 0.88)	1.04 (0.85, 1.26)	1.03 (0.70, 1.50)		0.70 (0.46, 1.08)		0.72 (0.46, 1.11)	0.75 (0.49, 1.17)
		6-9 years	0.64 (0.51, 0.80)	1.07 (0.83, 1.39)	0.77 (0.47, 1.24)		1.34 (0.70, 2.55)		1.68 (0.99, 2.88)	1.91 (1.10, 3.34)
		10 and more	0.49 (0.39, 0.61)	0.86 (0.65, 1.14)	0.88 (0.54, 1.45)		0.76 (0.43, 1.36)		0.51 (0.26, 0.99)	0.58 (0.30, 1.14)
Residential area	(Ref: urban)		0.74 (0.64, 0.86)	0.89 (0.75, 1.05)	0.87 (0.63, 1.21)		1.12 (0.76, 1.65)		0.93 (0.63, 1.37)
Economic status	(Ref: poorest)	2nd poorest	1.18 (0.94, 1.48)		0.89 (0.54, 1.46)		0.91 (0.52, 1.61)		0.86 (0.48, 1.55)
		Middle	1.20 (0.96, 1.51)		1.38 (0.82, 2.33)		1.07 (0.61, 1.88)		1.06 (0.6, 1.85)
		2nd richest	1.07 (0.85, 1.35)		0.74 (0.45, 1.22)		1.12 (0.61, 2.06)		1.04 (0.58, 1.89)
		Richest	0.99 (0.79, 1.26)		1.01 (0.60, 1.72)		0.98 (0.54, 1.78)		0.85 (0.46, 1.56)
BMI	(Ref: ≤18.4)	18.5-24.9	1.66 (1.37, 2.02)	1.21 (0.97, 1.52)	0.72 (0.45, 1.17)	0.83 (0.47, 1.46)	0.61 (0.35, 1.05)	0.57 (0.33, 1.00)	1.26 (0.77, 2.07)
		25.0 and more	2.27 (1.86, 2.78)	1.43 (1.12, 1.82)	0.47 (0.29, 0.77)	0.42 (0.23, 0.74)	0.38 (0.22, 0.66)	0.35 (0.2, 0.62)	1.03 (0.6, 1.75)
WHR	(Ref: normal)		2.07 (1.63, 2.62)	1.29 (0.97, 1.71)	0.56 (0.30, 1.04)	0.51 (0.24, 1.07)	0.62 (0.33, 1.19)		1.02 (0.56, 1.84)
Smoking cigarette	(Ref: nonsmoker)	Current	0.96 (0.76, 1.21)	1.03 (0.80, 1.33)	0.55 (0.34, 0.87)	0.71 (0.42, 1.22)	0.98 (0.52, 1.85)		1.05 (0.55, 1.98)
		Ex-smoker	1.68 (1.34, 2.09)	1.30 (1.02, 1.65)	0.97 (0.60, 1.58)	1.23 (0.71, 2.12)	0.73 (0.44, 1.24)		1.08 (0.63, 1.87)
Physical activity; Daily MET	(Ref: 24–36.5)	36.6-44.9	0.83 (0.71, 0.98)	0.94 (0.79, 1.12)	0.99 (0.69, 1.42)	0.82 (0.55, 1.22)	0.83 (0.56, 1.25)		1.06 (0.71, 1.59)
		≥45	0.58 (0.47, 0.72)	0.76 (0.59, 0.96)	0.60 (0.38, 0.95)	0.67 (0.40, 1.11)	0.76 (0.43, 1.35)		0.89 (0.48, 1.63)
Family history of hypertension	(Ref: no)	Second degree	1.41 (1.08, 1.86)	1.40 (1.05, 1.85)	1.44 (0.79, 2.63)	1.55 (0.82, 2.91)	0.54 (0.29, 1.03)		1.00 (0.49, 2.03)
		First degree	2.93 (2.52, 3.41)	3.13 (2.67, 3.68)	2.07 (1.48, 2.90)	2.17 (1.51, 3.10)	1.14 (0.78, 1.68)		0.99 (0.67, 1.45)
Comorbidity	Ref: none	Hypertension	3.10 (2.37, 4.06)	2.00 (1.51, 2.66)	1.63 (0.90, 2.94)	1.47 (0.78, 2.76)	1.36 (0.67, 2.74)		2.37 (1.22, 4.62)	2.32 (1.17, 4.58)
		Dyslipidemia	2.49 (2.08, 2.98)	2.22 (1.84, 2.68)	1.31 (0.89, 1.92)	1.50 (0.99, 2.26)	1.02 (0.64, 1.63)		1.31 (0.78, 2.21)	1.25 (0.74, 2.13)
		Both	7.24 (5.84, 8.96)	4.43 (3.51, 5.59)	2.46 (1.52, 3.99)	2.38 (1.42, 4.01)	1.26 (0.74, 2.12)		1.56 (0.90, 2.72)	1.64 (0.93, 2.9)
Healthy diet	Ref: yes	No	0.70 (0.61, 0.81)	0.77 (0.66, 0.9)	0.90 (0.66, 1.24)		0.87 (0.61, 1.26)		1.02 (0.56, 1.84)	—