Vitamin D₃ Activates Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B via Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 to Improve Testicular Function in Diabetic Rats

Figure 4

Protein expression levels of VDR, IGF-1R, PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in the rat testis. The protein expression levels of VDR and IGF-1R in the DM group were significantly lower than those in the CG group (). The expression levels of VDR in the HD and LD groups were significantly higher than that in the DM group (). The expression of IGF-1R in the LD group was significantly higher than that in the DM group (). The expression of IGF-1R in the inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the HD group. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, and p-AKT differed significantly between the DM and CG groups (). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in the group treated with vitamin D were significantly higher than those in the DM group (). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were significantly different between the HD group and the inhibitor group (). Compared with the CG group, ; ^#compared with the DM group, .

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