Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 6, and C-Reactive Protein with the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Rural Thais

Table 5

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 2-year progression of type 2 diabetes according to 1-year changes of serum inflammatory marker levels.

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Crude OR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	value
1-year changes of serum CRP^a
Low (baseline)-low (1 year)	1		1
Low (baseline)-high (1 year)	0.66 (0.17-2.59)	0.548	0.65 (0.16-2.60)	0.539
High (baseline)-high (1 year)	4.23 (1.54-11.59)	0.005	4.22 (1.45-12.31)	0.008
1 year changes of serum IL-6^b
Low (baseline)-low (1 year)	1		1
Low (baseline)-high (1 year)	4.17 (0.88-19.82)	0.073	3.36 (0.67-16.94)	0.142
High (baseline)-high (1 year)	4.14 (1.06-16.21)	0.041	3.68 (0.91-14.90)	0.068
1-year changes of serum TNF-α^c
Low (baseline)-low (1 year)	1		1
Low (baseline)-high (1 year)	5.28 (1.18-23.71)	0.030	4.88 (1.01-23.49)	0.048
High (baseline)-high (1 year)	4.12 (1.22-13.93)	0.023	3.58 (1.02-12.55)	0.047

Abbreviations: CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6; interleukin 6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha. OR was adjusted for age, gender, WHR, VF, and TG. ^aLow (baseline) and low (1 year): ; high (baseline) and high (1 year): . ^bLow (baseline): serum IL-6 in 1^st tertile at baseline (<5.93 pg/ml); high (baseline): serum IL-6 in 3^rd tertile at baseline (>85.65 pg/ml); low (1 year): serum IL-6 in 1^st tertile at 1 year of follow-up (<15.14 pg/ml); high (1 year): serum IL-6 in 3^rd tertile at 1 year of follow-up (>75.67 pg/ml). ^cLow (baseline): serum TNF-α in 1st tertile at baseline (<36.47 pg/ml); high (baseline): serum TNF-α in 3^rd tertile at baseline (>73.30 pg/ml); low (1 year): serum TNF-α in 1^st tertile at 1 year of follow-up (<33.78 pg/ml); high (1 year): serum TNF-α in 3^rd tertile at 1 year of follow-up (>75.61 pg/ml).