Adaptive Optics (rtx1) High-Resolution Imaging of Photoreceptors and Retinal Arteries in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 5

The mean (±SD) spacing, Voronoi, and cone regularity in the control group and the DR group (divided into 2 subgroups: mild NPDR and moderate NPDR) in 4 quadrants.

Cone parameters in quadrants	The DR group	The control group	value^†
Spacing_ T (mm)			<0.001^‡
Spacing_ N (mm)			<0.001^‡
Spacing_ S (mm)			<0.001^‡
Spacing_ I (mm)			<0.001^‡
Spacing_4Q (mm)	^a	^b	<0.001^‡
Voronoi N%6_T (%)			<0.001^†
Voronoi N%6_N (%)			0.011^†
Voronoi N%6_S (%)			0.008^†
Voronoi N%6_I (%)			0.066^†
Voronoi %6_4Q (%)	^c	^d	<0.001^†
Regularity_T (%)			0.007^†
Regularity_N (%)			0.005^‡
Regularity_S (%)			0.003^†
Regularity_I (%)			0.073^‡
Regularity_4Q (%)	^e	^f	<0.001‡
For the DR subgroups	Mild NPDR group	Moderate NPDR group
Spacing_4Q (mm)			0.214^‡
Voronoi %6_4Q (%)			0.505^†
Regularity_4Q (%)			0.417^‡

^†-test; ^‡Mann–Whitney test; ^§Friedman ANOVA test; ^a value ^§for all quadrants (in column) ; ^b value ^§for all quadrants (in column) . ^c value ^§for all quadrants (in column) ; ^d value ^§for all quadrants (in column) . ^c value ^§for all quadrants (in column) ; ^d value ^§for all quadrants (in column) . Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; T: temporal; N: nasal; S: superior; I: inferior; 4Q: for all quadrants (T, N, S, I); regularity: the summary of the percentage of pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal cones in analyzed image; Voronoi_%6 tiles: percentage of hexagonal cones in analyzed image; spacing: interphotoreceptor distance.