Risk Factors of Hypertension among Diabetic Patients from Yaoundé Central Hospital and Etoug-Ebe Baptist Health Centre, Cameroon

Table 2

Risk factors at different hypertension stages among diabetic participants.

Predictor variables	Hypertensive stage 1 ()	Normotensive ()	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	(%)	(%)	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Gender
Male	16 (45.7%)	3 (20.0%)	1 (reference)		0.058 (0.004-0.956)	0.046
Female	19 (54.3%)	12 (80.0%)	0.297 (0.071-1.240)	0.086	1 (reference)
Feeding rate
≥3 times a day	23 (65.7%)	7 (46.7%)	2.190 (0.639-7.504)	0.208	6.478 (1.035-40.533)	0.046
<3 times a day	12 (34.3%)	8 (53.3%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Duration of diabetes
≥10 years	17 (48.6%)	4 (26.7%)	2.597 (0.692-9.747)	0.150	0.856 (0.739-0.992)	0.039
<10 years	18 (51.4%)	11 (73.3%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Smoking status
Yes	2 (5.7%)	3 (20.0%)	0.242 (0.036-1.633)	0.123	0.017 (0.000-0.769)	0.036
No	33 (94.3%)	12 (80.0%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Occupation
Not retired or not a housewife	21 (60.0%)	5 (33.3%)	1 (reference)		0.435 (0.080-2.361)	0.335
Retired or housewife	14 (40.0%)	10 (66.7%)	0.333 (0.094-1.185)	0.084	1 (reference)
Tribe
Not from the west region	18 (51.4%)	8 (53.3%)	1.079 (0.321-3.626)	0.902	0.257 (0.039-1.699)	0.159
West region	17 (48.6%)	7 (46.7%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
From stage 1 to stage 2 in hypertension	Hypertensive stage 2 ()	Hypertensive stage 1 ()
Age
>40 years	56 (94.9%)	29 (82.9%)	3.862 (0.900-16.574)	0.055	0.916 (0.866-0.969)	0.002
≤40 years	3 (5.1%)	6 (17.1%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Duration of diabetes
≥10 years	13 (22.0%)	17 (48.6%)	0.299 (0.121-0.739)	0.008	1.155 (1.051-1.270)	0.003
<10 years	46 (78.0%)	18 (52.4%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Waist circumference
Abnormal	55 (93.2%)	27 (77.1%)	4.074 (1.126-14.735)	0.024	1.005 (0.965-1.047)	0.802
Normal	4 (6.8%)	8 (22.9%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Normotensives to hypertensives	Hypertensive ()	Normotensive ()
Waist-to-hip ratio
Abnormal	83 (88.3%)	10 (66.7%)	3.773 (1.087-13.091)	0.028	0.000 (0.000-0.007)	0.003
Normal	11 (11.7%)	5 (33.3%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Smoking status
Yes	5 (5.3%)	3 (20.0%)	0.225 (0.048-1.062)	0.043	0.175 (0.031-1.008)	0.051
No	89 (94.7%)	12 (80.0%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Feeding rate
≥3 times a day	66 (70.2%)	7 (46.7%)	2.694 (0.891-8.146)	0.072	3.417 (1.019-11.455)	0.046
<3 times a day	28 (29.8%)	8 (53.3%)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)

OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; : frequency, value with this superscript was statistically significant ().