The 7-Year Change in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Their Determinants in an Urban South African Population
Table 2
Prevalence of IR and inflammation in all participants and in those with normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication.
Overall
Women
Men
Gender year of study interaction
2008/09 (%)
2014/16 (%)
value
2008/09 (%)
2014/16 (%)
value
2008/09 (%)
2014/16 (%)
value
Insulin resistance: all participants
Fasting insulin
196 (24.8)
278 (16.9)
<0.001
174 (28.4)
231 (18.7)
<0.001
22 (12.5)
47 (11.4)
0.706
0.939
HOMA-IR
196 (24.8)
253 (15.4)
<0.001
170 (27.7)
205 (16.6)
<0.001
26 (14.8)
48 (11.7)
0.296
0.375
QUICKI
186 (23.6)
218 (13.3)
<0.001
158 (25.8)
176 (14.3)
<0.001
28 (15.9)
42 (10.2)
0.050
0.550
McAuley index
201 (25.5)
348 (21.3)
0.021
167 (27.2)
275 (22.4)
0.023
34 (19.5)
73 (18.0)
0.667
0.369
Matsuda index
200 (25.5)
299 (18.8)
<0.001
174 (28.6)
255 (21.5)
0.001
26 (14.8)
44 (10.9)
0.194
0.119
Insulin resistance: normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication
Fasting insulin
247 (31.3)
413 (25.1)
0.001
211 (34.4)
343 (27.8)
0.004
36 (20.5)
70 (17.0)
0.317
0.765
HOMA-IR
288 (36.5)
451 (27.4)
<0.001
248 (40.5)
377 (30.6)
<0.001
40 (22.7)
74 (18.0)
0.181
0.455
QUICKI
323 (40.9)
504 (30.6)
<0.001
274 (44.7)
422 (34.2)
<0.001
49 (27.8)
82 (19.9)
0.034
0.548
McAuley index
281 (35.7)
535 (32.8)
0.157
233 (38.0)
430 (35.1)
0.216
48 (27.6)
105 (25.9)
0.678
0.236
Matsuda index
310 (39.5)
542 (34.1)
0.009
263 (43.3)
469 (39.5)
0.123
47 (26.7)
73 (18.2)
0.020
0.170
Sub-clinical inflammation: all participants
usCRP
436 (54.7)
967 (57.1)
0.264
351 (56.6)
772 (60.8)
0.079
85 (48.02)
195 (45.9)
0.631
0.092
Gamma GT
235 (29.6)
567 (33.4)
0.055
162 (26.2)
408 (32.1)
0.009
73 (42.2)
159 (37.3)
0.368
0.158
Sub-clinical inflammation: normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication
usCRP
160 (46.2)
480 (49.5)
0.3
124 (47.9)
356 (53.1)
0.157
36 (41.4)
124 (41.5)
0.625
0.217
Gamma GT
83 (24.1)
276 (28.4)
0.12
50 (19.4)
176 (26.2)
0.03
33 (37.9)
100 (33.3)
0.372
0.166
Interaction between men and women; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; usCRP: ultrasensitive C-reactive protein; gamma GT: gamma-glutamyl transferase.
