The 7-Year Change in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Their Determinants in an Urban South African Population

Table 5

Year of study-, gender-, age-, and smoking-adjusted linear regression models for determinants of inflammation in all participants.

	Model 1: log usCRP				Model 2: log gamma GT
		95% confidence interval		value		95% confidence interval		value
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Year of study (2014/16)	0.08	0.04	0.13	0.001	0.03	0.00	0.06	0.033
Gender (men)	-0.04	-0.09	0.02	0.200	0.08	0.05	0.11	<0.001
Age	0.09	-0.08	0.26	0.316	-0.28	-0.37	-0.18	<0.001
Current smokers	0.10	0.05	0.14	<0.001	0.06	0.03	0.08	<0.001
Education (<7 years)	0.07	0.03	0.12	0.002	0.03	0.00	0.05	0.040
Current drinkers	-0.05	-0.10	0.00	0.040	0.11	0.08	0.14	<0.001
Waist circumference	0.75	0.49	1.01	<0.001	0.33	0.19	0.48	<0.001
Hip circumference	0.43	0.17	0.68	0.001	-0.29	-0.43	-0.14	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure	-0.04	-0.14	0.06	0.414	0.11	0.05	0.17	<0.001
Fasting glucose	-0.36	-0.71	-0.01	0.043	0.24	0.04	0.43	0.017
2 hr glucose	0.41	0.21	0.60	<0.001	0.30	0.19	0.40	<0.001
HbA1c	4.88	1.16	8.74	0.010	-1.97	-3.92	0.02	0.052
Fasting insulin	-0.01	-0.07	0.06	0.872	0.05	0.02	0.09	0.004
2 hr insulin	-0.03	-0.09	0.04	0.442	-0.01	-0.04	0.03	0.673
HDL-C	-0.65	-0.86	-0.44	<0.001	0.59	0.47	0.70	<0.001
LDL-C	-0.09	-0.25	0.08	0.296	-0.10	-0.19	-0.01	0.031
Triglycerides	-0.13	-0.25	-0.02	0.022	0.30	0.24	0.36	<0.001
C-reactive protein	—	—	—	—	0.08	0.06	0.10	<0.001
Gamma GT	0.26	0.19	0.33	<0.001	—	—	—	—

Log transformed; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; usCRP: ultrasensitive C-reactive protein; gamma GT: gamma-glutamyl transferase.