Research Article
Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Metformin
Table 1
Univariate analysis of baseline characteristics in elderly sarcopenia vs. nonsarcopenia subjects.
| | Parameter | Total () | Nonsarcopenia () | Sarcopenia () | value |
| | Gender | | | | <0.0001 | | Men | 535 (37.5) | 504 (39.4) | 31 (20.9) | | | Women | 892 (62.5) | 775 (60.6) | 117 (79.1) | | | Age | | | | <0.0001 | | 60-69 | 875 (61.3) | 818 (64.0) | 57 (38.5) | | | 70-79 | 440 (30.8) | 380 (29.7) | 60 (40.5) | | | 80- | 112 (7.8) | 81 (6.3) | 31 (20.9) | | | Education | | | | <0.0001 | | Primary and below | 204 (14.3) | 155 (12.1) | 49 (33.1) | | | Middle school | 994 (69.7) | 912 (71.3) | 82 (55.4) | | | College and above | 229 (16.0) | 212 (16.6) | 17 (11.5) | | | BMI | | | | <0.0001 | | <24 | 562 (39.4) | 446 (34.9) | 116 (78.4) | | | 24~28 | 634 (44.4) | 608 (47.5) | 26 (17.6) | | | ≥28 | 231 (16.2) | 225 (17.6) | 6 (4.1) | | | Smoking | | | | 0.1272 | | Never | 1158 (81.1) | 1029 (80.5) | 129 (87.2) | | | Current | 213 (14.9) | 197 (15.4) | 16 (10.8) | | | Former | 56 (3.9) | 53 (4.1) | 3 (2.0) | | | Alcohol use | | | | 0.0236 | | Never | 1088 (76.2) | 962 (75.2) | 126 (85.1) | | | Current | 319 (22.4) | 299 (23.4) | 20 (13.5) | | | Former | 20 (1.4) | 18 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | | | Exercise | | | | 0.8551 | | Regular exercise | 1093 (76.6) | 980 (76.6) | 113 (76.4) | | | Occasional exercise | 47 (3.3) | 41 (3.2) | 6 (4.1) | | | No exercise | 287 (20.1) | 258 (20.2) | 29 (19.6) | | | Hypertension | | | | 0.2715 | | No | 803 (56.3) | 726 (56.8) | 77 (52.0) | | | Yes | 624 (43.7) | 553 (43.2) | 71 (48.0) | | | HB | | | | 0.197 | | <120 (110 female) | 43 (3.0) | 36 (2.8) | 7 (4.7) | | | ≥120 (110 female) | 1384 (97.0) | 1243 (97.2) | 141 (95.3) | | | TP | | | | 0.0642 | | <66 | 29 (2.0) | 29 (2.3) | 0(0) | | | ≥66 | 1398 (98.0) | 1250 (97.7) | 148 (100) | | | Alb | | | | 0.4957 | | <38 | 4 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 0(0) | | | ≥38 | 1423 (99.7) | 1275 (99.7) | 148 (100) | | | TC | | | | 0.0255 | | <4.14 | 282 (19.8) | 263 (20.6) | 19 (12.8) | | | ≥4.14 | 1145 (80.2) | 1016 (79.4) | 129 (87.2) | | | TG | | | | 0.0027 | | <1.7 | 799 (56.0) | 699 (54.7) | 100 (67.6) | | | ≥1.7 | 628 (44.0) | 580 (45.3) | 48 (32.4) | | | HDL-C | | | | 0.3102 | | <0.9 (1.0 female) | 161 (11.3) | 148 (11.6) | 13 (8.8) | | | ≥0.9 (1.0 female) | 1266 (88.7) | 1131 (88.4) | 135 (91.2) | | | LDL-C | | | | 0.9296 | | <2.6 | 439 (30.8) | 393 (30.7) | 46 (31.1) | | | ≥2.6 | 988 (69.2) | 886 (69.3) | 102 (68.9) | | | FBG | | | | 0.5597 | | <7 | 606 (42.5) | 547 (42.8) | 59 (39.9) | | | 7~11.1 | 689 (48.3) | 617 (48.2) | 72 (48.6) | | | ≥11.1 | 132 (9.3) | 115 (9.0) | 17 (11.5) | | | HbA1c | | | | 0.6718 | | <7 | 822 (57.6) | 741 (57.9) | 81 (54.7) | | | 7~9 | 446 (31.3) | 395 (30.9) | 51 (34.5) | | | ≥9 | 159 (11.1) | 143 (11.2) | 16 (10.8) | | | Hypoglycemic drugs | | | | <0.0001 | | No medication | 333 (23.3) | 276 (21.6) | 57 (38.5) | | | Non-metformin | 480 (33.6) | 434 (33.9) | 46 (31.1) | | | Metformin only | 284 (19.9) | 261 (20.4) | 23 (15.5) | | | Combination of metformin and other drugs | 330 (23.1) | 308 (24.1) | 22 (14.9) | |
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Fisher’s exact test. Continuity Adj. chi-square. BMI: body mass index; HB: hemoglobin; TP: total protein; Alb: albumin; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin. |
