Combination of Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 and Heart Rate Variability for Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

The indicators of cardiovascular autonomic nervous function.

Variables	Non-CAN; ()	CAN; ()	value
CARTs
Deep breathing, (% abnormal)	23(38.3)	42(97.7)	<0.001
30 : 15 ratio, (% abnormal)	0(0)	14(32.6)	<0.001
Valsalva maneuver, (% abnormal)	5(8.3)	32(74.4)	<0.001
Postural BP change, (% abnormal)	0(0)	6(14.0)	<0.001
CARTs score	1.0(0.5, 1.5)	2.0(2.0, 3.0)	<0.001
COMPASS 31 score			<0.001
HRV indices
SDNN (ms)			<0.001
PNN50 (%)	4.3(2.2, 9.0)	1.4(0.3, 3.7)	<0.001
RMSSD (ms)	25.5(20.0, 37.3)	19.0(13.0, 37.0)	0.010
LF (ms^2)	386.1(227.7, 545.9)	108.7(37.0, 196.1)	<0.001
HF (ms^2)	239.0(125.0, 378.5)	104.6(42.0, 170.0)	<0.001
LF/HF ratio	1.49(1.07, 2.68)	0.94(0.62, 1.63)	0.001

Data are , median (interquartile range), or (%). CAN: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; CARTs: cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests; 30 : 15 ratio: lying to standing; COMPASS 31: Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31; HRV: heart rate variability; SDNN: the standard deviation of the NN intervals; PNN50: the percentage of adjacent NN intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms; RMSSD: the root mean square differences of successive NN intervals; LF: low-frequency power; HF: high-frequency power.