Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Are Prone to Diabetic Retinopathy: A Twelve-Province Cross-Sectional Study in China

Table 3

Logistic regression analysis assessing the relationships of gender with diabetic retinopathy.

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95% CI	value	OR	95% CI	value
Male	1	—	—	—	—	—
Female	1.104	1.023-1.191	0.011	1.096	1.013-1.186	0.023
Hypertension				1.215	1.120-1.318	<0.001
Age				0.993	0.990-0.997	0.001
Duration of diabetes				1.069	1.062-1.075	<0.001
Regional economic level—T1				1	—	—
Regional economic level—T2				0.712	0.618-0.819	<0.001
Regional economic level—T3				0.730	0.673-0.792	<0.001

Results are given as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95% CI). The subjects were divided into nondiabetic retinopathy (DR) and DR. Gender was analyzed in the univariate logistic regression analysis, using male as the reference group. Then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and regional economic level.