Total Bilirubin Predicts Severe Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and the Possible Causal Mechanism

Table 1

Demographic and metabolism characterization of study subjects.

Group	Progression group ()	Stable group ()	// value	value
General data
Gender (male/female)	32/35	224/249	0.004	0.951
Age (year)			0.657	0.512
Average follow-up time (month)	49 (40–56)	47 (38–54)	0.301	0.743
Duration of diabetes (year)			4.46	<0.001
Type of diabetes (T1DM/T2DM)	19/48	93/380	2.79	0.248
Glucose metabolism
FPG (mmol/l)			1.985	0.048
HbA1c (%)			0.104	0.917
Biochemical data
ALT (IU/l)	18 (13–24)	16 (10–22)	0.258	0.784
AST (IU/l)	17 (9-26)	17 (8-30)	0.135	0.876
TBIL (μmol/l)			6.450	<0.001
DBIL (μmol/l)			6.992	<0.001
IBIL (μmol/l)			2.427	0.016
Γ-GT (IU/l)	18 (14–27)	19 (15–30)	0.368	0.697
ALP (IU/l)	102 (72–140)	92 (83–147)	1.368	0.205
Cr (μmol/l)	86 (32–102)	81 (37–98)	1.231	0.274
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)			0.609	0.543
CKD stage (number)			0.333	0.954
G1	12	97
G2	23	162
G3a	18	125
G3b	14	89
Urine protein categories (number)			0.395	0.821
Normoalbuminuria	39	287
Microalbuminuria	21	147
Macroalbuminuria	7	39