Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation Improves Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy with Improved Valsalva Ratio as the Most Precocious Test

Figure 2

Results of cardiovascular function tests in SPK recipients, before and during the follow-up (textbox include paired -). (a) Systolic blood pressure response to orthostasis. (b) Heart rate response to the Valsalva maneuver. (c) Heart rate response to orthostasis (30 : 15 ratio). (d) Heart rate variability with deep breathing (/). Data shown as median [interquartile range]. Interrupted line indicates lower limit of normal and borderline values from Sundkvist and Lilja (1985) [21] and Ewing et al. (1985) [23]. SPK: simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.

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