Neonatal Hypoglycemia Related to Glycine Levels in Uncontrolled Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Mid-Late Pregnancy: Multicenter, Prospective Case-Cohort Observational Study
Table 1
Characteristics and outcomes of the study population.
GDM
Control
χ2
1116
6173
Maternal age (years)
—
<0.001
Gestational weeks (days)
—
<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Prepregnancy
—
0.723
Antepartum
—
<0.001
Mode of delivery, no. (%)
5.974
0.113
Spontaneous vaginal
722 (64.7)
4074 (66.0)
Assisted vaginal
93 (8.3)
395 (6.4)
Elective cesarean
172 (15.4)
944 (15.3)
Emergency cesarean
129 (11.6)
760 (12.3)
Neonatal outcomes
Gender, no. (%)
0.008
0.931
Male
581 (52.1)
3205 (51.9)
Female
535 (47.9)
2968 (48.1)
Birth weight (g)
—
0.004
Hypoglycemia, no. (%)
145 (13.4)
123 (2.0)
322.926
<0.001
Premature, no. (%)
166 (14.9)
362 (5.7)
114.199
<0.001
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid, no. (%)
5.677
0.128
Clear
812 (72.8)
4432 (71.8)
I
218 (19.5)
1346 (21.8)
II
65 (5.8)
315 (5.1)
III
21 (1.9)
80 (1.3)
Bad outcomes after delivery, no. (%)
at 1 min
36 (3.2)
278 (4.5)
3.743
0.053
at 5 min
7 (0.6)
48 (0.8)
0.285
0.593
at 10 min
7 (0.6)
40 (0.6)
0.006
0.936
Admission to intensive care unit
9 (0.8)
56 (0.9)
0.108
0.742
Data given as the or no. (%). GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index.
