Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from a Multicenter Retrospective Study

Table 1

Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings of COVID-19 patients on admission.

	Total	Patients without diabetes	Patients with diabetes	value
	()	()	()
Demographics
Age, years	47.00 (35.00-56.00)	45.00 (33.00-56.00)	55.50 (49.00-62.25)	<0.0001
Sex
Female	260 (48.33%)	246 (50%)	14 (30.43%)	0.011
Male	278 (51.67%)	246 (50%)	32 (69.57%)
Laboratory findings
Direct bilirubin, umol/L
<1	25 (4.65%)	25 (5.08%)	0 (0%)	0.001
1-14	422 (78.44%)	384 (78.05%)	38 (82.61%)
>14	6 (1.12%)	3 (0.61%)	3 (6.52%)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.10 (3.54-4.81)	4.05 (3.53-4.77)	4.51 (4.08-5.32)	0.019
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.38 (0.95-2.05)	1.35 (0.91-2.01)	1.85 (1.40-2.64)	0.002
<0.24	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.054
0.24-1.86	219 (40.71%)	206 (41.87%)	13 (28.26%)
>1.86	98 (18.22%)	86 (17.48%)	12 (26.09%)
Creatinine, umol/L
<53	124 (23.05%)	113 (22.97%)	11 (23.91%)	<0.0001
53-97	313 (58.18%)	289 (58.74%)	24 (52.17%)
>97	16 (2.97%)	10 (2.03%)	6 (13.04%)
Cystatin C, mg/L	0.92 (0.80-1.11)	0.91 (0.78-1.10)	1.00 (0.89-1.15)	0.041
Na, mmol/L	139.00 (137.00-141.00)	139.00 (137.00-141.00)	139.60 (138.00-141.50)	0.041
Cl, mmol/L
<99	62 (11.52%)	51 (10.37%)	11 (23.91%)	0.045
99-110	373 (69.33%)	343 (69.72%)	30 (65.22%)
>110	3 (0.56%)	3 (0.61%)	0 (0%)
Anion gap, mmol/L	10.50 (8.85-12.20)	10.20 (8.50-12.00)	13.00 (9.40-16.30)	0.011
<10	45 (8.36%)	42 (8.54%)	3 (6.52%)	0.011
10-14	57 (10.59%)	52 (10.57%)	5 (10.87%)
>14	7 (1.3%)	4 (0.81%)	3 (6.52%)

Data are median (IQR), (%), or / (%). values were calculated by the Mann–Whitney U test, test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.