Effectiveness of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on Metabolic Syndrome Components: A Real-World, Observational Study

Table 3

Estimated marginal means (95% CI) of the parameters of interest at baseline and their change after 90 days and 180 days of treatment, by tertiles of baseline values or clinically meaningful classes (for FBG and HbA1c).

Parameter	Baseline value	Change at 90 days	value (90 days vs. baseline)	Change at 180 days	value (180 days vs. baseline)
Weight (kg)
I	75.2 [73.6; 76.8]	-3.1 [-3.5; -2.7]	<0.0001	-4.7 [-5.5; -3.9]	<0.0001
II	87.9 [86.8; 89.1]	-3.7 [-4.1; -3.2]	<0.0001	-6.2 [-6.8; -5.5]	<0.0001
III	109.3 [106.6; 112.0]	-6.9 [-8.5; -5.3]	<0.0001	-10.8 [-12.7; -9.0]	<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)
I	91.8 [89.8; 93.8]	-3.1 [-3.5; -2.6]	<0.0001	-5.4 [-6.1; -4.8]	<0.0001
II	106.2 [105.0; 107.5]	-4.5 [-5.1; -3.9]	<0.0001	-8.1 [-9.0; -7.3]	<0.0001
III	126.9 [124.8; 129.1]	-5.7 [-6.9; -4.5]	<0.0001	-9.5 [-11.1; -7.8]	<0.0001
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)
<110	89.5 [85.2; 93.9]	-2.1 [-3.7; -0.6]	0.007	-3.1 [-5.5; -0.7]	0.013
110-125	112.8 [11.7; 114.0]	-8.1 [-9.2; -7.1]	<0.0001	-12.8 [-14.1; -11.5]	<0.0001
>125	141.8 [138.5; 145.1]	-15.5 [-17.9; -13.0]	<0.0001	-23.5 [-26.3; -20.7]	<0.0001
HbA1c (%)
<6.0	5.48 [5.36-5.59]	-0.18 [-0.26; -0.10]	<0.0001	-0.27 [-0.38; -0.16]	<0.0001
6.0-6.5	6.25 [6.21-6.29]	-0.20 [-0.25; -0.15]	<0.0001	-0.41 [-0.49; -0.32]	<0.0001
6.6-7.0	6.83 [6.80-6.86]	-0.38 [-0.49; -0.28]	<0.0001	-0.58 [-0.69; -0.47]	<0.0001
>7.0	7.74 [7.60-7.87]	-0.52 [-0.67; -0.37]	<0.0001	-0.86 [-1.00; -0.72]	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
I	117.2 [115.2; 119.3]	0.3 [-1.4; 2.1]	0.69	0.17 [-2.8; 1.2]	0.86
II	135.1 [134.3; 135.9]	-4.7 [-5.8; -3.7]	<0.0001	-6.6 [-7.8; -5.5]	<0.0001
III	152.4 [150.0; 154.8]	-10.3 [-12.3; -8.4]	<0.0001	-16.3 [-18.7; -12.4]	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
I	70.1 [68.5; 71.6]	0.9 [-0.5; 2.2]	0.22	0.9 [-0.8; 2.6]	0.29
II	81.5 [81.2; 81.9]	-2.2 [-2.9; -1.5]	<0.0001	-3.7 [-4.5; -2.8]	<0.0001
III	93.1 [90.2; 95.9]	-6.0 [-7.1; -4.9]	<0.0001	-9.4 [-10.6; -8.1]	<0.0001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
I	95.5 [91.2; 97.7]	-2.3 [-6.2; 1.7]	0.25	-3.7 [-8.3; 0.9]	0.11
II	131.4 [129.5; 133.3]	-11.3 [-13.9; -8.7]	<0.0001	-18.6 [-21.8; -15.3]	<0.0001
III	168.9 [163.2; 174.6]	-19.9 [-23.9; -16.0]	<0.0001	-32.5 [-37.7; -27.2]	<0.0001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
I	37.0 [35.9; 38.2]	4.0 [2.8; 5.3]	<0.0001	6.6 [5.1; 8.1]	<0.0001
II	47.1 [46.1; 48.1]	3.0 [1.7; 4.4]	<0.0001	4.8 [3.2; 6.4]	<0.0001
III	67.6 [61.5; 73.8]	-3.0 [-9.2; 3.1]	0.33	-3.6 [-9.8; 2.6]	0.25
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
I	110.0 [104.4; 115.6]	-4.6 [-8.6; -0.6]	0.025	-8.1 [-12.6; -3.7]	0.001
II	168.5 [165.1; 171.9]	-20.1 [25.3; -14.9]	<0.0001	-25.8 [-32.2; -19.4]	<0.0001
III	254.4 [235.0; 273.7]	-39.0 [-67.0; -10.9]	<0.0001	-72.9 [-86.0; -59.9]	<0.0001