Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Associations of urinary phthalates with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters.
(a)
TSH
FT3
FT4
T3
T4
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
MMP
-0.032 (-0.075, 0.012)
0.154
0.020 (-0.018, 0.059)
0.305
0.016 (-0.139, 0.171)
0.842
0.014 (-0.006, 0.033)
0.167
-0.030 (-1.272, 1.211)
0.962
MEP
-0.006 (-0.032, 0.021)
0.676
-0.008 (-0.031, 0.016)
0.524
0.012 (-0.082, 0.105)
0.803
-0.006 (-0.018, 0.006)
0.327
-0.337 (-1.085, 0.410)
0.476
MiBP
-0.015 (-0.081, 0.051)
0.654
0.043 (-0.016, 0.101)
0.150
-0.013 (-0.248, 0.221)
0.910
0.010 (-0.019, 0.039)
0.508
0.005 (-1.869, 1.878)
0.996
MnBP
-0.002 (-0.061, 0.056)
0.935
0.041 (-0.011, 0.093)
0.118
-0.147 (-0.355, 0.061)
0.165
0.016 (-0.010, 0.042)
0.221
-0.176 (-1.843, 1.491)
0.836
MBzP
0.014 (-0.026, 0.054)
0.502
0.010 (-0.026, 0.045)
0.596
0.001 (-0.141, 0.144)
0.985
0.012 (-0.006, 0.030)
0.179
1.028 (-1.107, 2.163)
0.076
MCPP
0.007 (-0.017, 0.030)
0.579
-0.010 (-0.031, 0.011)
0.364
-0.004 (-0.088, 0.080)
0.927
-0.009 (-0.020, 0.001)
0.087
-0.299 (-0.970, 0.372)
0.382
MiNP
-0.057 (-0.112, -0.003)
0.040
0.023 (-0.026, 0.071)
0.355
-0.051 (-0.245, 0.143)
0.604
0.017 (-0.007, 0.041)
0.172
0.396 (-1.158, 1.950)
0.617
MCHP
-0.003 (-0.024, 0.018)
0.780
0.007 (-0.012, 0.026)
0.451
-0.006 (-0.081, 0.069)
0.873
0.006 (-0.004, 0.015)
0.246
0.448 (-0.152, 1.048)
0.143
MEHP
-0.021 (-0.045, 0.002)
0.077
0.005 (-0.016, 0.026)
0.635
0.061 (-0.023, 0.145)
0.156
0.005 (-0.005, 0.016)
0.318
0.545 (-0.126, 1.215)
0.111
MECPP
-0.034 (-0.085, 0.018)
0.201
0.039 (-0.006, 0.085)
0.090
-0.112 (-0.295, 0.071)
0.230
0.024 (0.002, 0.047)
0.036
0.649 (-0.816, 2.113)
0.385
MEHHP
-0.063 (-0.118, -0.008)
0.025
0.035, -0.014, 0.084
0.157
-0.110 (-0.304, 0.085)
0.268
0.017 (-0.008, 0.041)
0.175
0.138 (-1.419, 1.696)
0.862
MEOHP
-0.045 (-0.089, -0.001)
0.046
0.001 (-0.038, 0.040)
0.954
-0.127 (-0.282, 0.029)
0.110
0.008 (-0.011, 0.028)
0.403
-0.008 (-1.257, 1.240)
0.989
MCMHP
-0.045 (-0.091, 0.002)
0.062
0.050 (0.009, 0.092)
0.017
-0.096 (-0.263, 0.070)
0.257
0.026 (0.006, 0.047)
0.013
0.166 (-1.166, 1.499)
0.807
(b)
SPINA-GD
SPINA-GT
TSHI
TTSI
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
MMP
0.141 (-0.081, 0.362)
0.212
0.020 (-0.011, 0.050)
0.205
-0.030 (-0.073, 0.014)
0.181
-0.032 (-0.074, 0.011)
0.143
MEP
-0.035 (-0.169, 0.098)
0.604
0.004 (-0.014, 0.022)
0.666
-0.004 (-0.030, 0.022)
0.764
-0.006 (-0.032, 0.020)
0.643
MiBP
0.160 (-0.173, 0.494)
0.346
0.011 (-0.035, 0.057)
0.628
-0.017 (-0.083, 0.049)
0.614
-0.018 (-0.083, 0.046)
0.579
MnBP
0.320 (0.024, 0.616)
0.034
0.001 (-0.040, 0.042)
0.975
-0.022 (-0.081, 0.036)
0.456
-0.013 (-0.070, 0.044)
0.660
MBzP
0.132 (-0.071, 0.334)
0.203
0.003 (-0.025, 0.031)
0.833
0.014 (-0.026, 0.054)
0.493
0.014 (-0.025, 0.053)
0.485
MCPP
-0.072 (-0.192, 0.047)
0.237
-0.006 (-0.022, 0.011)
0.479
0.006 (-0.017, 0.030)
0.607
0.006 (-0.017, 0.029)
0.614
MiNP
0.248 (-0.028, 0.525)
0.078
0.042 (0.004, 0.080)
0.032
-0.064 (-0.118, -0.010)
0.021
-0.062 (-0.115, -0.009)
0.023
MCHP
0.051 (-0.056, 0.158)
0.352
0.005 (-0.010, 0.020)
0.496
-0.004 (-0.025, 0.017)
0.721
-0.003 (-0.024, 0.017)
0.761
MEHP
0.010 (-0.110, 0.130)
0.872
0.018 (0.001, 0.034)
0.037
-0.013 (-0.037, 0.010)
0.272
-0.018 (-0.041, 0.005)
0.128
MECPP
0.373 (0.113, 0.632)
0.005
0.031 (-0.005, 0.067)
0.087
-0.049 (-0.100, 0.003)
0.062
-0.042 (-0.092, 0.008)
0.102
MEHHP
0.301 (0.024, 0.577)
0.033
0.043 (0.005, 0.081)
0.028
-0.078 (-0.132, -0.023)
0.005
-0.071 (-0.124, -0.018)
0.009
MEOHP
0.206 (-0.016, 0.428)
0.069
0.029 (-0.001, 0.060)
0.059
-0.062 (-0.105, -0.018)
0.005
-0.053 (-0.096, -0.010)
0.015
MCMHP
0.343 (0.107, 0.579)
0.004
0.032 (0.000, 0.065)
0.053
-0.058 (-0.104, -0.011)
0.015
-0.051 (-0.097, -0.005)
0.028
In the regression analysis, age, sex, BMI, current smoking status, and UIC were adjusted. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and UIC were corrected by urine Cr and ln-transformed to approximate a normal distribution.
