Characterizing Glycemic Control and Sleep in Adults with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Unawareness Initiating Hybrid Closed Loop Insulin Delivery

Table 2

Sleep characteristics at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after initiating hybrid closed loop insulin delivery and the change values from baseline to 9 months in sleep characteristics.

Accelerometry derived variable	Baseline; Mean (SD)	3 months; Mean (SD)	6 months; Mean (SD)	9 months; Mean (SD)	-test		Effect size^a
					Baseline to 9 months
					Sleep onset latency (minutes)	4.77 (1.41)	4.05 (0.60)	3.85 (1.99)	2.81 (1.14)	4.48	<0.01	1.53
Sleep onset (hr : min)	22 : 00 (00 : 43)	22 : 22 (00 : 23)	22 : 36 (1 : 15)	22 : 49 (00 : 53)	-1.76	0.14	1.06
Sleep offset (hr : min)	7 : 02 (00 : 38)	6 : 58 (00 : 43)	7 : 18 (00 : 47)	7 : 06 (00 : 46)	-0.24	0.81	0.10
Total sleep time (minutes)	541.54 (33.16)	515.23 (44.47)	518.03 (71.39)	499.02 (59.77)	1.14	0.30	0.88
Sleep duration (minutes)	490.37 (26.03)	465.64 (51.16)	466.47 (68.60)	451.93 (64.05)	1.06	0.34	0.79
Wake after sleep onset (minutes)	46.39 (7.45)	45.54 (12.98)	47.72 (4.97)	44.27 (12.78)	0.62	0.56	0.20
Nighttime awakenings (number)	15.67 (4.46)	16.61 (4.20)	17.57 (4.16)	15.73 (3.91)	-0.04	0.97	0.01
Average awakening length (minutes)	3.31 (0.81)	2.84 (0.69)	2.89 (0.95)	2.97 (0.69)	1.10	0.32	0.46
Sleep fragmentation index	24.85 (6.97)	26.65 (9.47)	25.31 (6.56)	24.79 (9.93)	0.04	0.97	0.01
Total activity counts (number)	32,175.92 (4185.06)	29,503.42 (6974.19)	29,291.94 (6322.80)	25,803.08 (5372.96)	2.17	0.08	1.32
Sleep efficiency (percent)	90.70 (1.14)	90.30 (3.02)	89.86 (1.53)	90.35 (3.46)	0.34	0.75	0.14
Sleep midpoint (hr : min)	2 : 32 (00 : 38)	2 : 42 (00 : 27)	3 : 00 (00 : 51)	3 : 00 (00 : 37)	-1.90	0.12	0.72

^aBaseline to 9 months.