Association of Bone Metabolism Indices and Bone Mineral Density with Diabetic Retinopathy in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Inpatient Study in China

Table 1

Comparison of general characteristics, biochemical indices, BMD, and bone metabolism indices among the three groups.

	Male patients					Female patients
Index	NDR ()	BDR ()	PDR ()			NDR ()	BDR ()	PDR ()
Age (year)				0.15	0.86				0.83	0.40
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.37	0.69				1.27	0.28
Diabetic duration (year)		^a	^a,b	10.95	<0.05		^a	^a,b	13.96	<0.05
SBP (mmHg)				2.64	0.07				1.12	0.33
DBP (mmHg)				0.70	0.50				0.95	0.39
HbA1c (%)				0.34	0.71				0.42	0.66
FBG (mmol/L)				0.144	0.87				2.20	0.12
TC (mmol/L)				0.42	0.66				2.86	0.06
TG (mmol/L)				0.27	0.76				0.27	0.76
LDL-C (mmol/L)				1.21	0.30				1.05	0.35
HDL-C (mmol/L)				1.13	0.32				1.43	0.24
UA (umol/L)				0.29	0.75				0.49	0.61
eGFR (ml/min/1.73^2)				0.61	0.54				2.32	0.10
UACR		^a	^a,b	7.18	<0.05		^a	^a,b	6.35	<0.05
PTH				0.50	0.61				0.50	0.61
Lumbar–BMD (g/cm^2)				0.11	0.90				0.92	0.40
Hip-BMD (g/cm^2)				1.18	0.31				0.76	0.47
OC (ng/ml)				0.10	0.90				0.69	0.51
β-CTX (ng/ml)		^a	^a,b	3.50	<0.05				0.06	0.94
P1NP (ng/ml)				0.24	0.79		^a	^a,b	3.44	<0.05
25(OH)D (ng/ml)		^a	^a,b	4.93	<0.05		^a	^a,b	4.30	<0.05

Note: ^a compared with the NDR group; ^b compared with the BDR group. Abbreviations: β-CTX: beta C-terminal telopeptide; BMD: bone mineral density; BMI: body mass index; Ca: calcium; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OC: osteocalcin; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; P1NP: procollagen 1 intact N-terminal; PTH: parathyroid hormone; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; UA: uric acid; UACR: urinary albumin to creatinine ratios.