Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Novel Modality for Detecting Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Table 1

Baseline clinical, diabetic, blood lipid, inflammation, and renal function parameters in the control, DWN, and EDN groups.
Control ()DWN ()EDN ()
baPWV△ (cm/s)<.001<.001<.001<.001
Age△ (y).078
Gender (M/F)17/1327/3326/34.463
Duration of diabetes# (y)0<.001<.001<.001<.001
BMI△ (kg/m2)<.001<.001<.001.041
WC# (cm).139
MAP△ (mmHg)<.001.896<.001<.001
PP# (mmHg)<.001<.001<.001.518
FPG△ (mmol/L)<.001<.001<.001<.001
2hPPG△ (mmol/L)<.001<.001<.001.318
FCP# (ng/mL).001.003.0011
2hCP△ (ng/mL).034.273.013.085
HbA1c# (%)<.001<.001<.001<.001
TC# (mmol/L).482
TG# (mmol/L).052
HDL-C# (mmol/L).0401.058.190
LDL-C# (mmol/L).018.040.0221
hs-CRP△ (mg/L)<.001<.001<.001<.001
Creatinine△ (μmol/L)<.001.011<.001<.001
Urea△ (μmol/L)<.001.052<.001<.001
UA# (μmol/L).0041.011.028
UACR# (μg/mg)<.001<.001<.001<.001
eGFR△ (mL/min)<.001<.001<.001<.001
baPWV = brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI = body mass index = body weight (kg)/height2(m); WC = waist circumference; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PP = pulse pressure; FPG = fasting venous plasma glucose; 2hPPG =2-hour postprandial venous plasma glucose; FCP = fasting C peptide; 2hCP =2-hour postprandial C peptide; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; TC = total cholesterol; TG = total triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C reactive protein; UA = uric acid; UACR = urine albumin/creatinine ratio. △One-way ANOVA was carried out, if the variable followed a normal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. #Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out, if the variable did not follow a normal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. for all three groups; for the control group vs. the DWN group; for the control group vs. the EDN group; for the DWN group vs. the EDN group.