Serum Metabolites as an Indicator of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Later in the Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort of a Chinese Population

Table 2

The 44 differential metabolites associated with the risk of gestational diabetes.

Metabolite	(/)	RT (min)	VIP	value	-fold
DL-3-Aminoisobutyric acid	103.06	18.998	2.46	<0.001
N-Acetylglycine	117.04	4.096	2.53	0.00499	1.38
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid	118.06	2.881	1.59	0.00292
Dihydrothymine	128.06	16.652	2.06	<0.001
4-Oxoproline	129.04	17.506	1.50	0.00231
L-Pyroglutamic acid	129.04	19.01	2.02	0.00236
Phenylacetic acid	136.05	0.673	2.69	0.01636	1.23
Trimethadione	143.06	3.674	2.46	0.00181
4-Acetamidobutanoic acid	145.07	2.844	1.84	0.01210	1.29
(2E)-3-(Carbamimidoylsulfanyl)acrylic acid	146.02	19.827	2.83	0.00221
L-Glutamic acid	147.05	18.998	2.35	<0.001
L-Cysteinesulfinic acid	153.01	2.579	2.95	<0.001
4-Methylquinolin-2-ol	159.07	5.706	2.07	0.00371	1.22
5-Carbamimidamidopentanoic acid	159.10	17.727	3.07	<0.001
1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol	164.07	2.870	1.74	0.00117
N-Acetylornithine	174.10	18.644	1.83	0.01884	1.28
Aceglutamide	188.08	18.819	1.51	0.00298
Homo-L-arginine	188.13	22.002	1.60	0.00480	1.18
2-Methylhippuric acid	193.07	1.540	2.58	0.00284
4-(Nitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanol	195.10	5.333	2.52	0.01138	1.39
Dinotefuran	202.11	17.917	2.26	0.01146	1.33
Hept-2-ulose	210.07	5.785	1.94	0.00714	1.21
Pantothenic acid	219.11	4.998	2.07	<0.001
Eugenitin	220.07	0.631	3.17	0.00796	1.29
Leu-Val	230.16	2.800	2.52	0.00312	0.79
2-Methoxy1,3-thiazino6,5-bindol-4(9H)-one	232.03	19.006	2.30	<0.001
Phenobarbital	232.08	1.831	2.08	0.02063	1.31
UNII: 734CNR85EV	234.09	0.667	3.14	0.00960	1.28
4-Phenylbutanoyl hydrogen sulfate	244.04	14.168	1.58	0.00560	1.16
Leu-Leu	244.18	1.753	2.50	<0.001
Met-val	248.12	2.852	3.86	<0.001
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl beta-D-galactopyranoside	254.10	2.961	1.63	0.00731	0.82
Hexadecanedioic acid	286.21	1.456	1.77	<0.001
Incadronic acid	287.07	15.528	3.33	<0.001
Ethylestrenol	288.25	2.780	2.04	0.00411	1.21
Pentiapine	299.12	15.404	2.33	0.00502	1.17
(9Z,11E,13S,15Z)-13-Hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid	310.21	1.504	1.98	<0.001
(9E)-9-Octadecenedioic acid	312.23	1.076	2.41	0.00191
Icomucret	320.24	0.819	1.98	0.01263	1.23
Sulfometuron-methyl ANSI	364.08	14.156	1.45	0.00276
Calcitriol	416.33	0.815	1.69	<0.001
(1S,3R,5Z,7E)-1,3,25-Trihydroxy-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10-trien-18-yl acetate	474.33	0.853	1.54	0.00286
Mupirocin	500.30	2.803	2.14	0.00286
Xanthine	76.02	2.799	1.90	0.00174

A false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.1 was used to correct for multiple comparisons. The value in the FDR control was defined as the FDR analog of the value, and the values < 0.05.