Serum Metabolites as an Indicator of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Later in the Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort of a Chinese Population

Table 3

Results of KEGG enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways related to GDM.

Metabolic pathway	Matched differential metabolites			FDR	Impact
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	<0.01	8.321	0.019	0.283
Arginine and proline metabolism	L-Glutamic acid, 4-oxoproline, 4-acetamidobutanoic acid	<0.01	6.259	0.072	0.039
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	<0.01	5.920	0.072	0.442
Histidine metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	0.015	4.203	0.229	0.009
Caffeine metabolism	Xanthine	0.026	3.667	0.409	0.070
Pyrimidine metabolism	Dihydrothymine	0.034	3.382	0.453	0.036
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	L-Glutamic acid	0.059	2.823	0.594	0.113
Glutathione metabolism	L-Glutamic acid; L-Pyroglutamic acid	0.075	2.584	0.632	0.013
Nitrogen metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	0.079	2.539	0.632	0.001
Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism	(9Z,11E,13S,15Z)-13-Hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid	0.298	1.211	1	0.213
Purine metabolism	Xanthine	0.305	1.188	1	0.056
Butanoate metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	0.387	0.950	1	0
Galactose metabolism	(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl beta-D-galactopyranoside	0.394	0.931	1	0.016
Phenylalanine metabolism	Phenylacetic acid	0.423	0.860	1	0.054
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism	L-Glutamic acid	0.724	0.3232	1	0