Association between the Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Retrospective Study

Figure 3

Association of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio with carotid atherosclerosis. (a) Abnormal mean cIMT in all patients; (b) abnormal maximum cIMT in all patients; (c) carotid artery plaque in all patients; (d) abnormal mean cIMT in patients with DM; (e) abnormal maximum cIMT in patients with DM; (f) carotid artery plaque in patients with DM; (g) abnormal mean cIMT in patients without DM; (h) abnormal maximum cIMT in patients without DM; (i) carotid artery plaque in patients without DM. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for the same variables as in model 4 (Table 2). The reference value of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio is the median of the reference group. The area between the two dotted lines represents the 95% CI. Owing to the small sample and large 95% CI, the highest 4% of patients are not shown in the figure. HbA1c: hemoglobin Alc; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; DM: diabetes mellitus.