Association between the Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Retrospective Study
Table 2
OR (95% CIs) of abnormal cIMT and carotid artery plaque by quartiles of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio.
HbA1c/HDL-C
Each 1-unit increase
Q1 (<4.78)
Q2 (4.78–5.85)
Q3 (5.85–7.30)
Q4 (>7.30)
for trend
Abnormal mean cIMT (≥1 mm)
Model 1†
1.17 (1.11–1.23)
Ref.
1.10 (0.81–1.50)
1.41 (1.04–1.92)
2.55 (1.86–3.51)
<0.001
Model 2†
1.17 (1.10–1.23)
Ref.
1.13 (0.82–1.55)
1.45 (1.05–2.00)
2.47 (1.78–3.45)
<0.001
Model 3†
1.16 (1.09–1.22)
Ref.
1.10 (0.79–1.50)
1.38 (1.00–1.91)
2.32 (1.66–3.25)
<0.001
Model 4†
1.20 (1.13–1.28)
Ref.
1.12 (0.81–1.56)
1.54 (1.10–2.16)
2.88 (2.02–4.10)
<0.001
Abnormal maximum cIMT (≥1 mm)
Model 1†
1.20 (1.13–1.28)
Ref.
1.16 (0.85–1.58)
1.48 (1.08–2.02)
3.22 (2.29–4.52)
<0.001
Model 2†
1.21 (1.14–1.28)
Ref.
1.20 (0.88–1.66)
1.55 (1.12–2.15)
3.20 (2.25–4.57)
<0.001
Model 3†
1.19 (1.12–1.26)
Ref.
1.15 (0.83–1.59)
1.45 (1.04–2.02)
2.95 (2.05–4.21)
<0.001
Model 4†
1.24 (1.16–1.33)
Ref.
1.19 (0.85–1.65)
1.63 (1.16–2.30)
3.72 (2.55–5.44)
<0.001
Carotid artery plaque
Model 1†
1.12 (1.05–1.19)
Ref.
1.25 (0.89–1.75)
1.54 (1.09–2.18)
2.47 (1.69–3.60)
<0.001
Model 2†
1.12 (1.05–1.20)
Ref.
1.34 (0.94–1.91)
1.69 (1.17–2.45)
2.50 (1.68–3.71)
<0.001
Model 3†
1.11 (1.03–1.18)
Ref.
1.27 (0.89–1.82)
1.58 (1.09–2.30)
2.30 (1.54–3.45)
<0.001
Model 4†
1.13 (1.05–1.21)
Ref.
1.29 (0.90–1.86)
1.68 (1.14–2.45)
2.58 (1.70–3.91)
<0.001
Data were shown as OR (95% CI) which was evaluated using logistic regression models. †Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for age and sex; model 3: further adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, and history of hypertension; model 4: further adjusted for LDL-C, white blood cell count, and creatinine level; HbA1c: hemoglobin Alc; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; Ref: reference; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CI: confidence interval.
