Association between Markers of Fibrosis and Heart Failure Incidence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Baseline clinical characteristics and echocardiographic and biomarker data of study population, Me (25; 75), (%).
Parameters
All patients
Non-HF ()
HF ()
(for HF and non-HF group)
Age (years)
57 (49.7; 63.2)
52.5 (45; 61)
60.5 (54.5; 66)
0.005
Gender, female, (%)
32 (44.4)
25 (43.8)
7 (46.6)
0.32
Diabetes duration, years, (%)
8 (4.7; 12.2)
5.5 (3.2; 8.0)
11.5 (8.2; 16)
<0.001
Arterial hypertension, (%)
67 (93%)
53 (92.9)
14 (93.3)
<0.001
Arterial hypertension duration (years), (%)
10.2 (4.3; 15.9)
7.5 (3.8; 12.4)
10.1 (6.5; 16.2)
<0.001
Smoking, (%)
31 (43)
25 (43.8)
6 (40)
0.26
BMI (kg/m2)
33.4 (30.5; 35.8)
33.1 (30.2; 34.8)
34.5 (30.9; 38.4)
0.08
WC (cm)
107.5 (98.7; 114.2)
103 (95.2; 109.7)
109 (101.7; 121.5)
0.019
Abdominal obesity, (%)
45 (62.5)
33 (57.8)
12 (80)
0.035
Systolic BP (mmHg)
134 (99; 146)
130 (94; 142)
136 (97; 147)
0.43
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
94 (72; 106)
93 (75; 101)
90 (80; 109)
0.27
Glucose fasting (mmol/l)
9.2 (8.2; 10.5)
9.1 (7.5; 10.4)
9.3 (8.6; 11.1)
0.26
HbA1c (%)
8.4 (7.8; 9.2)
8.2 (7.5; 9.0)
8.5 (7.9; 9.5)
0.39
Metformin, (%)
61 (84.7)
49 (85.9)
13 (8.6)
0.75
DPPi-4, (%)
29 (40.3)
30 (52.6)
7 (46.6)
0.34
Sulfonylurea, (%)
20 (27.7)
14 (17.5)
4 (26.6)
0.41
ARA/ACEi, (%)
56 (77.7)
44 (77.2)
10 (66.6)
0.28
Calcium channel blockers, (%)
31 (43.1)
24 (42.1)
8 (53.3)
0.12
Diuretics, (%) Statins, (%)
24 (33.3) 49 (68)
15 (26.3) 39 (68.4)
5 (33.3) 10 (66.6)
0.21 0.71
CRP (mg/l)
2.69 (1.15; 5.6)
2.06 (0.87; 5.27)
3.35 (2.04; 5.7)
0.19
NT-pro-BNP (pg/ml)
72.78 (43.34; 96.2)
46.45 (19.81; 88.35)
103.4 (80.1; 118.3)
0.001
ST2 (ng/ml)
22.2 (17.5; 26.4)
22.97 (16.96; 27.98)
23.78 (17.45; 29.21)
0.62
Galectin-3 (ng/ml)
10.7 (8.0; 13.3)
9.82 (7.46; 12.19)
12.64 (9.22; 14.95)
0.012
PICP (ng/ml)
130.4 (101.3; 159.8)
115.2 (71.8; 152.6)
137 (116.3; 175.5)
0.026
PIIINP (ng/ml)
7.05 (3.6; 17.4)
4.36 (3.36; 12.99)
10.56 (9.22; 14.95)
0.033
PICP/PIIINP
19.3 (10.5; 34.2)
32.6 (15.4; 41.6)
10.8 (4.9; 22.7)
0.001
MMP-9 (ng/ml)
527.4 (345.2; 749.7)
433.1 (184; 648.7)
568.5 (200.6; 823.45)
0.051
TIMP-1 (ng/ml)
204 (168.5; 272.6)
213.5 (174.7; 278.3)
193.5 (128.5; 255.1)
0.12
MMP-9/TIMP-1
2.2 (1.6; 3.9)
2.4 (1.4; 4.2)
1.9 (0.9; 3.2)
0.18
GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
78.5 (71; 87.2)
73.5 (68; 84)
80 (74; 91)
0.15
LDL (mmol/l)
2.68 (1.70; 3.39)
2.87 (2.06; 3.81)
2.3 (1.43; 3.14)
0.31
HDL (mmol/l)
1.03 (0.89; 1.22)
1.08 (0.89; 1.23)
1.0 (0.88; 1.23)
0.78
TG (mmol/l)
2.28 (1.79; 3.02)
2.5 (1.9; 3.2)
2.08 (1.64; 2.97)
0.14
EF (Simpson) (%)
62 (58; 64)
62 (55; 66)
58 (49; 63)
0.24
LA volume index (ml/m2)
34.2 (30.4; 38.7)
38.3 (32.4; 42.1)
41.8 (34.2; 45.8)
0.15
9 (7; 10)
8 (7; 9)
10 (8; 12)
0.06
IVS (mm)
10 (9; 12)
10 (9; 13)
11 (10; 13)
0.63
PW (mm)
11 (10; 13)
10 (9; 12)
11 (10; 13)
0.68
RWT
0.46 (0.41; 0.49)
0.46 (0.43, 0.52)
0.49 (0.42; 0.56)
0.31
LV EDV (ml)
110 (95.5; 118.3)
115 (98.2; 128.9)
120.5 (105; 138.4)
0.22
LV ESV (ml)
48 (37; 56)
44 (35; 50)
48 (40; 56)
0.39
LVM/BSA (g/m2)
109 (96; 117)
109 (94; 129)
120 (98; 140)
0.47
LVM/height (g/m2.7)
50 (46; 59)
45 (40.3; 51.4)
47.9 (42.3; 53.4)
0.29
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; WC: waist circumference; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; ACEi: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARA: angiotensin receptor antagonists; DPPi-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; EF: ejection fraction; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; ESV: end-systolic volume of the left ventricle; EDV: end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle; PW: posterior wall of left ventricle; RWT: relative wall thickness of the left ventricle; LVM: left ventricular myocardial mass; BSA: body surface area.
