The Effectiveness of Health Education in Improving Knowledge about Hypoglycemia and Insulin Pen Use among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Primary Care Hospital in Vietnam
Table 3
Practice in insulin pen use.
Insulin pen use
Before intervention () (%)
Right after intervention () (%)
After one month () (%)
After two months () (%)
( vs. )
( vs. )
( vs. )
Preparation
Remove the cap of the insulin pen
80 (100)
80 (100)
80 (100)
71 (100)
1.000
1.000
1.000
If the insulin in the pen appears cloudy, roll the pen in your hands and turn it from side to side until the insulin is completely clear.
39 (48.8)
63 (78.8)
57 (71.3)
64 (90.1)
<0.001
0.0005
<0.001
Attach needle
Remove the protective pull tab and attach a new needle onto the insulin pen
80 (100)
80 (100)
80 (100)
71 (100)
1.000
1.000
1.000
Remove the outer cap of the needle
80 (100)
80 (100)
80 (100)
71 (100)
1.000
1.000
1.000
Prime the insulin pen
Turn the dosage knob to the 2 units indicator
11 (13.8)
70 (87.5)
55 (68.8)
63 (88.7)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Removing air bubbles from the needle
6 (7.5)
54 (67.5)
44 (55.0)
54 (76.1)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Turn the dosage knob back at zero
11 (13.8)
67 (83.8)
55 (68.8)
63 (88.7)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Select insulin dose
Select the dose of insulin that has been prescribed
78 (97.5)
79 (98.8)
80 (100)
71 (100)
1.000
0.500
0.500
Inject the insulin
Insert the needle at a 90 degree angle
68 (85.0)
78 (97.5)
80 (100)
71 (100)
0.002
0.001
0.002
Gently press the injection button all the way to zero
