Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Cirrhosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the enrolled participants.

Clinical indicators	HC ()	LC ()	LCDM ()	value (HC vs. LCDM)	value (DC vs. LCDM)
Gender (F/M)	6/14	5/25	4/16	0.465	1.0
Age				0.104	0.929
BMI (x̄ ± S)				0.583	0.614
ALT (U/L)				0.758	0.566
AST (U/L)				≤0.001	0.566
ALB (g/L)				≤0.001	0.586
TBil (μmol/L)				0.183	0.169
WBC (10^9/L)				≤0.001	0.630
RBC (10^12/L)				≤0.001	0.078
HGB (g/L)				≤0.001	0.634
PLT (10^9/L)				≤0.001	0.280
AFP (ng/mL)				≤0.001	0.744
Cr (μmol/L)				≤0.001	0.600
FBG (mmol/L)				≤0.001	≤0.001
HBV DNA (IU/mL)
≤ 10^2		22 (73.3%)	14 (70%)	—
10^2-10^5	—	4 (13.3%)	3 (15%)		0.968
≥ 10^5		4 (13.3%)	3 (15%)
HBeAg
Positive		8 (26.7%)	8 (40%)		0.322
Negative		22 (73.3%)	12 (60%)
Antiviral therapy
Over 1 year	—	22 (73.3%)	14 (70%)	—	0.797
Less than 1 year		8 (26.7%)	6 (30%)
Child–Pugh
A	—	8 (26.7%)	6 (30%)	—
B		19 (63.3%)	12 (60%)		0.966
C		3 (10%)	2 (10%)
Antidiabetic therapy	—	—	Insulin ()	—	—
			Acarbose ()
			Insulin+acarbose ()
			Metformin ()
Dietary habit	Mix	Mix	Mix	—	—

Continuous variables were expressed as . BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cell; RBC: red blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: blood platelet; ALB: albumin; TBil: total bilirubin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AFP: alpha fetoprotein; Cr: creatinine; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HC: healthy control; LC: HBV-related liver cirrhosis; LCDM: hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus.