Research Article
Aqueous Humor Analyses in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Who Had Undergone Panretinal Photocoagulation
Table 1
Demographic features depending on DMR staging.
| | | NPDR () | PDR () | PRP applied () | value |
| | Systemic factors | Sex (male : female) | 23 : 20 | 11 : 6 | 22 : 16 | 0.726 | | Age (years) | | | | 0.167 | | Duration of diabetes | 10.00 [3.50; 14.50] | 7.00 [4.00; 10.00] | 12.50 [6.00; 18.00] | 0.008 | | HbA1c (%) | 7.80 [7.20; 8.30] | 7.60 [6.70; 8.30] | 7.30 [6.80; 7.80] | 0.109 | | Hypertension | 22 (51.16%) | 9 (52.94%) | 22 (57.89%) | 0.827 | | Dyslipidemia | 6 (13.95%) | 3 (17.65%) | 6 (15.79%) | 0.934 | | ESRD | 1 (2.33%) | 3 (17.65%) | 4 (10.53%) | 0.087 | | Concentrations of aqueous cytokines | IL-1 (pg/mL) | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.17] | 0.338 | | IL-2 (pg/mL) | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 3.62] | 0.521 | | IL-6 (pg/mL) | 5.12 [3.66; 11.32] | 18.40 [7.96; 31.31] | 8.34 [4.29; 16.34] | 0.016 | | IL-8 (pg/mL) | 12.79 [9.85; 17.84] | 20.70 [14.10; 41.75] | 14.85 [9.54; 28.43] | 0.043 | | IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.65 [0.26; 1.14] | 0.53 [0.00; 1.34] | 1.10 [0.50; 1.44] | 0.233 | | IL-17 (pg/mL) | 0.54 [0.00; 2.16] | 1.36 [0.54; 2.16] | 1.36 [0.00; 2.16] | 0.345 | | TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0.14 [0.00; 3.03] | 0.00 [0.00; 2.32] | 0.00 [0.00; 3.37] | 0.852 | | VEGF (pg/mL) | 73.52 [38.19; 104.47] | 196.12 [92.73; 316.82] | 66.72 [43.02; 108.05] | <0.001 | | PlGF (pg/mL) | 3.55 [2.41; 4.40] | 12.28 [5.17; 15.40] | 3.41 [2.42; 5.58] | <0.001 | | OCT findings | Baseline CST | 361.00 [326.50; 434.50] | 382.00 [342.00; 432.00] | 383.50 [355.00; 553.00] | 0.088 | | DME type (DRT : CME) | 24 : 19 | 9 : 8 | 26 : 12 | 0.408 | | EZD grade | | | | | | 0 | 24 (55.81%) | 9 (52.94%) | 16 (42.11%) | 0.777 | | 1 | 9 (20.93%) | 4 (23.53%) | 12 (31.58%) | | 2 | 10 (23.26%) | 4 (23.53%) | 10 (26.32%) |
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Values are expressed as the or median and interquartile range, as appropriate. DMR: DM retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PRP: panretinal photocoagulation; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PlGF: placental growth factor; OCT: optical coherence tomography; CST: central subfield thickness; DME: diabetic macular edema; DRT: diffuse retinal thickening; CME: cystoid macular edema; EZD: ellipsoid zone disruption. |
