Research Article
Additive Effect of Sarcopenia and Anemia on the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Baseline characteristics according to the presence of sarcopenia and gender.
| | Men () | Women () | | Nonsarcopenia () | Sarcopenia () | | Nonsarcopenia () | Sarcopenia () | |
| | Age (year) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.039 | | Diabetic duration (year) | | | 0.001 | | | 0.240 | | BMI (㎏/㎡) | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Smoking (%) | 435 (45.9%) | 377 (44.2%) | 0.459 | 40 (2.9%) | 3 (6.0%) | 0.006 | | Drinking (%) | 183 (19.4%) | 150 (17.5%) | 0.315 | 17 (1.2%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.056 | | HT (%) | 597 (49.8%) | 504 (47.1%) | 0.201 | 1024 (58.0%) | 312 (49.1%) | <0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | | | 0.001 | | | 0.208 | | DBP (mmHg) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.002 | | HbA1c (%) | | | 0.072 | | | 0.004 | | TC (mmol/L) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.516 | | TG (mmol/L) | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | | | 0.055 | | | 0.104 | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | | | 0.011 | | | <0.001 | | ALB (g/L) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.001 | | FPG (mmol/L) | | | 0.133 | | | 0.434 | | SCr (umol/L) | | | 0.772 | | | 0.014 | | (mg/g) | 748 (69.1%) | 587 (63.6%) | 0.028 | 950 (62.2%) | 308 (55.7%) | 0.018 | | (mg/g) | 335 (30.9%) | 336 (36.4%) | 578 (37.8%) | 245 (44.3%) | | eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | | | 0.182 | | | 0.384 | | CKD, (%) | 224 (18.7%) | 217 (20.3%) | 0.338 | 369 (20.9%) | 115 (18.1%) | 0.129 | | DR, (%) | 209 (17.4%) | 181 (16.9%) | 0.745 | 379 (21.5%) | 122 (19.2%) | 0.225 | | DPN, (%) | 462 (38.5%) | 483 (45.1%) | 0.001 | 813 (46.0%) | 277 (43.6%) | 0.281 | | OADs (%) | 897 (76.1%) | 803 (76.8%) | 0.699 | 1430 (82.9%) | 498 (80.1%) | 0.107 | | Insulin (%) | 408 (34.2%) | 356 (33.6%) | 0.760 | 689 (39.5%) | 231 (36.8%) | 0.236 | | β-Blocker (%) | 67 (7.0%) | 63 (7.3%) | 0.764 | 116 (8.4%) | 42 (8.9%) | 0.703 | | ACEI/ARB (%) | 228 (23.8%) | 185 (21.6%) | 0.273 | 361 (26.0%) | 86 (18.3%) | 0.001 | | CCB (%) | 258 (26.9%) | 193 (22.5%) | 0.031 | 443 (31.9%) | 113 (24.0%) | 0.001 | | Statin (%) | 87 (9.0%) | 72 (8.4%) | 0.606 | 153 (10.9%) | 40 (8.4%) | 0.122 | | MCH (pg) | | | 0.204 | | | 0.837 | | MCHC (g/L) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.399 | | MCV (fL) | | | 0.518 | | | 0.569 | | RDW (%) | | | 0.055 | | | 0.140 | | HCT (L/L) | | | 0.002 | | | 0.008 | | RBC (1012/L) | | | 0.026 | | | 0.025 | | HDW (g/L) | | | 0.502 | | | 0.987 | | HGB (g/L) | | | <0.001 | | | 0.003 | | Anemia (%) | 138 (11.5%) | 258 (24.1%) | <0.001 | 245 (13.9%) | 125 (19.7%) | 0.001 | | FRS | | | 0.076 | | | 0.619 | | CVD high risk (%) | 263 (31.2%) | 248 (34.5%) | 0.167 | 29 (2.6%) | 11 (3.1%) | 0.620 |
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Note: values are number (percentage) or mean standard deviation. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALB: serum albumin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SCr: serum creatinine; UACR: urinary albumin creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; DR: diabetic retinopathy; DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; RDW: red cell volume distribution width; HCT: hematocrit; RBC: red blood cell count; HDW: hemoglobin distribution width; HGB: hemoglobin concentration; FRS: Framingham risk score; CVD: cardiovascular disease.
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